2. Articole
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Item Delimitarea infracțiunii de dezordini în masă de infracțiune de vandalism(CEP USM, 2024) Chepestru, Ana-MariaAvând în vedere activitatea organelor de urmărire penală, se atestă că, în procesul de încadrare juridică a infracțiunii de dezordini în masă pot apărea anumite neclarități și imprecizii. Acest deziderat este determinat de faptul că infracțiunea de dezordini în masă poate fi confundată cu infracțiunea de vandalism , reieșind din valorile sociale la care se atentează prin comiterea actului infracțional. În acest sens,este oportună realizarea unei analize ample cu referire la delimitarea infracțiunilor în cauză or, identificarea asemănărilor și deosebirilor dintre cele două infracțiuni are un caracter indispensabil în asigurarea încadrării juridice juste faptei prejudiciabile.Item Independența instituției ombudsmanului, condiție indispensabilă a statului de drept și acces la valorile europene(CEP USM, 2024) Zubco, AlexandruThe institution of the Ombudsman plays an important role in strengthening democracy, the rule of law, good administration, the protection and promotion of fundamental human rights and freedoms. It is the duty of the state to support and protect in this way, the Institution of the People's Advocate and to refrain from any action that undermines its independence. The competence of the Ombudsman regarding judicial or administrative authorities should be limited to ensuring the procedural efficiency and administrative functioning of this system. The People's Advocate will not be involved in the judicial system, for example, but will be able to monitor and report on the level of respect for the constitutionally guaranteed right to a fair trial. The ombudsman will not be able to annul an administrative act, but he will be able to support whether or not it contravenes international human rights standards. The ombudsman will not be able to hold civil servants accountable, but through his reports he will be able to reiterate the degree of respect for human rights by the public/administrative institution or any other entity.Obviously, in his mandate, the Ombudsman will not get involved in political, administrative or professional activities incompatible with his independence and impartiality. In this paper, the authors will analyze the level of compliance with the above-mentioned guarantees by the state authorities in the context of precedents from the Republic of Moldova and other states and how effective they are or can be in a state in democratic transition.Item Provocările actuale privind exercitarea mandatului Avocatului Poporului în contextul angajamentelor de asociere(CEP USM, 2024-09-20) Zubco, AlexandruOn July 1, 2016, the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states and the Republic of Moldova entered into force. And, on August 4, 2017, the Association Council approved the EU-Republic of Moldova Association Program. Among the short-term priorities of the program in the field of "political dialogue, good governance and strengthening institutions" was, inter alia, the completion of the reform of the People's Advocate institution, by improving Law no. 52 of April 3, 2014 regarding the People's Advocate (Ombudsman), in in accordance with the recommendations of the Venice Commission, and ensuring its financing according to the Paris Principles. In concrete terms, according to the Association Program, the Government of the Republic of Moldova was to strengthen the function of the People's Advocate, including through amendments to the law on the People's Advocate and the law on whistleblowers, by providing human and financial resources and an appropriate headquarters , in accordance with the provisions of the National Human Rights Action Plan, so that the Ombudsman can carry out his duties effectively. In 2023, the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova adopts urgent amendments to the Law on the People's Advocate, which aims at the inviolability of the Ombudsman, the procedure for appointing the People's Advocate, the conditions for early termination of the mandate, the exclusion of the public competition for the Ombudsman's deputies and the imposition of the duty to pay stamp duties in the case of actions in court. These changes were presented to the Association Council in 2023. Then, through the European Commission's 2023 country report, it is mentioned that the institution of the Ombudsman has been fully consolidated; the institution has "A" status; such as that the Ombudsmen enjoy inviolability when carrying out their duties and that the revocation of both lawyers requires a prior hearing by the full Parliament. At the same time, the European document suggests that the office is financed from the state budget, and its representatives have the right to address the parliament if the resources made available are insufficient to fulfill their mandate. Following the 2023 Expansion Package, it was decided to grant the EU candidate status to the Republic of Moldova. On June 21, 2024, the decree on the initiation of accession negotiations was signed. The respective article shows certain aspects omitted during the period of strengthening the capacities of the Ombudsman Institution, as well as some problematic aspects in achieving the full constitutional mandate of the People's Advocate in the context of European association commitments. The paper shows the importance of implementing the recommendations of the Association Council, of the Venice Commission, of the Universal Periodic Review tool by national authorities in order to have an independent and consolidated institution for a real protection of fundamental rights and freedoms.Item Latura obiectivă a infracţiunilor de amestec în înfăptuirea justiţiei şi în urmărirea penală (art. 303 CP RM)(CEP USM, 2024-09-20) Bragoi, ConstantinThe scientific article is dedicated to examining the objective side of the offenses of interference with the administration of justice and criminal prosecution, criminalized under Article 303 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. The paper investigates actions of interference, in any form, in the trial of cases by national or international courts, as well as actions of interference, in any form, in the activities of criminal investigation bodies or the personnel of international courts.The main goal is to provide a clear understanding of acts of interference in judicial activities and criminal prosecution, offering a solid basis for the correct application of the law. The study also includes an examination of the moment of completion of the analyzed offenses, as these are formal offenses.Item RĂSPUNDEREA PENALĂ PENTRU IMIXTIUNEA ÎN ACTIVITATEA AVOCATULUI(CEP USM, 2023) Botnarenco, Mihaela; Cojocari, IonPrezentul articol realizează o analiză exhaustivă a termenilor subtili „apărător al drepturilor omului” și „avocat”, termeni incluși în cadrul standardelor internaționale care guvernează protejarea, promovarea și respectarea drepturilor fundamentale ale omului. Un aspect semnificativ se concentrează pe propunerea de a incrimina actul de imixtiune ilegală în activitatea profesională a avocatului, o măsură care are potențialul de a întări nu numai drepturile avocatului în sine, ci și de a se extinde pentru a cuprinde drepturile clienților săi. Articolul pătrunde într-o analiză cuprinzătoare a provocării complexe legate de prevenirea înainte de timp a cazurilor marcate de intruziuni nejustificate din partea autorităților și, în același timp, protejarea interesului public. Această latură se dovedește a fi esențială pentru asigurarea unui proces judiciar echitabil. O astfel de explorare este vitală în cultivarea unui mediu în care principiile justiției sunt menținute cu cea mai mare rigurozitate, contribuind astfel la dezvoltarea unui cadru solid pentru protejarea și menținerea drepturilor omului.Item INTERFERENȚA CONTRACTELOR COMERCIALE ÎN ACHIZIȚIILE PUBLICE(CEP USM, 2022-05-20) Cuznețov, Alexandru; Tretiacov, OlgaBoth commercial contracts and public procurement have emerged, as a necessity, at a certain stage of the society development to replace the archaic and cumbersome forms of regulation. The acquisitions published a special significance in the economy of the Republic of Moldova and of the European states, contributing to the creation of the considerable part of the GDP. Including public procurement, as a way of acquiring the right of ownership by public entities, due to their novelty for economic life, as well as frequent changes in legislation, is a actual topic.Item DREPTUL LA RESPECTAREA VIEȚII PRIVATE ÎN CADRUL PROCEDURILOR PENALE(CEP USM, 2021-12-08) Carajeleascov, CristinaThe priority of each state of law is to guarantee the observance of the right to inviola- bility of the privacy of every person under its jurisdiction. Due to the fact that the privacy right is not an absolute right, both national and international normative acts allow the interference of state authorities under exhaustive conditions provided by law that directly contribute to the achievement of the purpose of criminal proceedings. During criminal proceedings, the investigating judge is in charge of the supervision of the observance of human rights when carrying out criminal prosecution actions adversely affecting the ri- ghts of the persons involved. The importance of judicial control is outlined by the fair, equidistant and objective assessment of the acceptance of the interference in terms of its proportionality compared to the aim pursued.Item CONTROLUL JUDICIAR AL AUTORIZĂRII EFECTUĂRII INTERCEPTĂRII ŞI ÎNREGISTRĂRII COMUNICĂRILOR PRIN PRISMA PRINCIPIULUI PROPORŢIONALITĂŢII(CEP USM, 2021) Carajeleascov, CristinaSpecial investigative measures make a significant contribution to the process of investigating and counteracting the phenomenon of crime, and the implementation of judicial control in the national legislation ensures respect for the rights of the person involved in criminal proceedings. Respect for human rights in criminal proceedings is ensured by the existing judicial mechanism for authorizing the interception and recording of communications, and the investigating judge has the role of assessing both the need to intercept and record communications and the relevance of the result obtained by verifying compliance with the law when such measures are carried out. This is a complex procedure, which is performed in accordance with the principle of proportionality, where all circumstances are assessed and considered individually, and this ensures the purpose of criminal proceedings.