Finding a balance between fundamental liberties, on the one hand, and the public
health policies required for overcoming the crisis wrought by the pandemic, on the other
hand, is a difficult task. In this context, it is essential to evaluate the necessity and proporti-
onality of the legislation adopted in the period of public health emergency, as well as iden-
tify efficient guarantees in the case where governments put in place exceptions, derogati-
ons, or restrictions on human rights. More specifically, these limitations on human rights
need to be examined according to the tests of legality, legitimacy, and proportionality.
