2. Articole
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Item REGELE MIHAI I ȘI BASARABIA, O VIZIUNE ASUPRA VIITORULUI. DECLARAȚII ȘI DOCUMENTE DIN PERIOADA EXILULUI REGAL, 1989-1993(2024) Padurean, BiancaArticolul relevă pozițiile publice ale Regelui Mihai I, aflat în exil, față de Basarabia, așa cum reies ele din interviuri, documente, declarații publice, scrisori deschise și mesaje adresate românilor, în diferite circumstanțe. În realizarea acestui studiu au fost analizate atât documente edite (mesaje publice ale Regelui Mihai I, pub- licate în diferite cărți de interviuri sau memorialistice despre rege, articole de ziare care reproduceau aceste mesaje, alte articole care vorbeau despre acțiunile publice regale), cât și documente inedite, cum ar fi corespondența dintre Regele Mihai și unul dintre cei mai importanți lideri ai românilor din exil, Ion Rațiu, sau extrase din dosarul de urmărire informativă a Regelui Mihai I, de către Securitate, aflate în Arhivele Consiliului Național de Studiere a arhivelor Securității din România. Perioada studiată este 1989-1993, în care regele a făcut multe declarații publice legate de Basarabia, pe care n-a uitat-o niciodată. Temele abordate în comunicarea publică sunt legate de Pactul Ribbentrop-Molotov și efectele acestuia, exodul tinerilor, libertatea de a vota și de a-și hotărî singuri soarta, respec- tarea democrației întru totul, dar și problema transnistreană. Regele analizează lucid situația Basarabiei și vorbea despre integrare europeană cu mult înainte ca Republica Moldova să se înscrie, efectiv, pe acest drum. Studiul arată aplecarea regelui asupra problemei basarabene, vizionarismul său în ceea ce privește parcursul european și diplomația, dar și fermitatea cu care spune adevărurile istorice și analizează efectele acestora în prezent.Item „PRIVILEGIAŢII” ÎN STRUCTURA SOCIALĂ A BASARABIEI (1812–1871)(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, the author discusses the status of being privileged in Bessarabia after the annexation of this territory to the Russian Empire. Showcasing the boiernași, mazils and ruptasi, the author notes that belonging to the status of the “privileged” was of a hereditary nature. By their very name, the boiernași, as well as the mazils, preserved the “memory of being a boyar” and always opted for maintaining their ancestral privileges, as did the other privileged people. The imperial administration did not approve of these social and fiscal categories of society and granted them privileged status only temporarily, preserving, for a certain period of time, the particularities that existed in Moldova. The tendency to standardize the social structure and liquidate the social conditions specific to the Moldavian society was continuous in the sights of the imperial institutions. In accordance with the Regulation on the rights of belonging to the social estates of the inhabitants of Bessarabia of March 10, 1847, the Tsarist authorities made the Bessarabian boiernași equal in rights with the personal nobles of Russia (if the boiernași did not hold administrative positions, they were passed, compulsorily, in the category of mazils), calling them personal nobles from then on, and the mazils and ruptasi in the category of Russian odnodvortsy.Item POLITICI IMPERIALE PROMOVATE ÎN SCOPUL DISCIPLINĂRII ŞI UNIFORMIZĂRII SOCIETĂŢII NOBILIARE BASARABENE(2019) Gherasim, CristinaLa disciplinerité represente le phénomène qui aimpliqué la mise en place d’un dispositif complexe de réorganisations, de la discipline et de l’éducation des émotions, de la morale, de valeurs et des comportements despersonnes et il a eu un rôle important dans le développement de la civilisation européen. Cela represente généralement une série d’activité successive des rois, de l’état et d’autres tribunaux tels que l’église et l’école pour contrôler,discipliner et éduquer former soialement les populations du ontinent européen. Il convient de mentionner que le processus de discipline de la société noble s’est également déroulé et dans la Russie tsariste, en particulier à partir des rigueurs encore imposées du temps du tsar Pierre I-er, complétées par d’autres lois faisant référence aux modèles mondains et quotidiens de dvorenim. Après l’annexion de la Bessarabie à l’empire russe, l’administration tsariste, en train de créer une base sociale fidèle en la personne du boyarisme indigène, a promu diverses politiques visant à uniformiser et discipliner l’élite locale. Ces politiques ont été mises en œuvre grâce à un système élaboré par des réglementations ciblant à la fois le statut socio-politique et économique, ainsi que la formation, les promotions (décorations, récompenses, diplômes et grades), les médias et les actions publiquesItem SURSELE ISTORICE ÎN STUDIEREA MENTALITĂȚII NOBILIMII DIN BASARABIA ÎN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA(2018) Gherasim, CristinaThe article based on specialised literature analyses issues connected to the research sources of the mentality of bassarabian nobility. Starting from the ideea that mentality is a result of a long history developement, comprising a system of all from of collective events conscious and subconscious (atti tudes, behavior, visions of life, religion, time, location, identity, myth, symbols, utopia). To study the topic we must use all existing historical resources, official documents issued by administration, as well as literary work and private correspondence, furniture and clothing, parks and homes, leasure activities, music etc. Only by having done an extensive study of all mentioned aspects we could have a real and complete image of the nobility of Bassarabia from in the XIXth centry.Item IMAGINARUL IDENTITĂȚII ȘI ALTERITĂȚII ÎN MEDIUL NOBILIMII DIN BASARABIA ÎN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA(2017) Gherasim, CristinaThe Bessarabian nobility got actively involved in the tsarist administrative system in order to benefit from the rights and privileges of this specific social category, but it also reserved its national identity. This fact is confirmed by the archival data, writings, notes and comments of the domestic and foreign contemporaries. The manifestation of national identity was realized by: keeping the old titulature; the use of signatures in Moldavian pa- leography; endless conflicts with the representatives of imperial administration and tsarist army; negative attitude towards the allogeneous employment in various social and political fields; the fight for the domestic legislation, the language, Romanian customs and traditions; communication in the Romanian language; listening to the fiddler music etc. So, the nobility had an important role in the process of promotion of national identity and consciousness; the villagers preserved the Romanian ethos but the nobility rose up personalities: who boosted the unity with the motherland Romania, who proved Latin and Romanian character in Bessarabia, that its true language is Romanian and the history is common with the one of Principality of Moldavia before the annexationItem ASPECTE PRIVIND INFLUENȚA LEGISLAȚIEI ȚARISTE ASUPRA STATUTULUI NOBILIMII DIN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(2016) Gherasim, CristinaIn this article based on the study of archival sources and monographs the author considers some aspects of the influence of the tsarist legislation on the changes in the legal status of the Bessarabian nobility. After the annexation of the territory between the Dniester and the Prut to the Russian Empire, at first the tsarist government maintained the social categories existing in Bessarabia, and the relationships were regulated by the laws and customs of the Principality of Moldavia. Subsequently, Bessarabia was incorporated into the political and socio-economic system of the empire. Thus, the use of the tsarist laws on the territory of the region has led to changes in the status of the Bessarabian nobility. Despite the fact that the Bessarabian nobility had the same rights and have been included in the Russian nobility keeping the former privileges, in reality they, especially the indigenous nobility, were limited in their rights. Chief administrative positions in Bessarabia were given to foreign nobles and officials or those members of the local nobility, who were loyal to the tsarist policy. All this has led to dissociation (due to the introduction of foreign representatives into the ranks of the local gentry) and humiliation (because the nobles had to constantly prove their social status – a rather complicated process due to the lack of supporting documents for those who had the Moldavian noble rank or possessed property) of this social category.Item ASPECTE PRIVIND ÎNCADRAREA COPIILOR DE NOBILI DIN BASARABIA ÎN SISTEMUL DE ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNT IMPERIAL RUS(2015) Gherasim, CristinaThe given article, based on unpublished archival documents and monographic studies, discusses aspects of implementation of the Russian educational system in Bessarabia. The imperial policy promoted in the newly annexed territory tended to centralize and standardize the administrative system. The main objective of this policy in the fi eld of culture was forced Russifi cation of the autochthonous population, which involved the removal and destruction of national traditions to enhance the process of assimilation of the natives. One of the means to achieve this aim was the policy of education. Before annexation of Bessarabia to the Russian Empire, most noble children were taught at home, usually by teachers of foreign origin, and then continued their studies in Western Europe. The situation changed immediately after the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest. For example, a letter dated 17 October 1828, addressed to the District Marshal of Nobility, contained the demand to stop the activities of private teachers and all boarding schools in Bessarabia due to their illegality. Nobles were warned that they should not hire private teachers who did not have a special certifi cate issued by the tsarist administration, as otherwise they will be punished according to law. Other sources provide information that the Bessarabian Assembly of Nobility was obliged to allocate funds for scholarships “to educate young people in the spirit of devotion to the Tsar and the homeland.” As a result, the Bessarabian Assembly granted 20 scholarships in the name of Emperor Nikolay II and 5 scholarships in the name of the District Marshal of Nobility M.N. Krupensky – 300 rubles each fellow to continue their education in higher educational institutions of Russia.Item VARIETATEA LITIGIILOR ÎN CARE ERA IMPLICATĂ NOBILIMEA DIN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(2015) Gherasim, CristinaAnnexation, in 1812,of the territory between the Prut and Nistru to Russian Impire has drawn a big number of changes in this region arising from application of the tsarist policy. Changes have occurred in practically all possible systems: political, economic, social, cultural, education, judiciary, etc. The article basis of archive documents, monographs and historical articles. We study the problem of applying the tsarist legislation in Bessarabia and the petitions of nobility for keeping the local lawsas well as habitsand the involvement of the nobility representative in various litigation.Item NEAMUL DE NOBILI BASARABENI MĂCĂRESCU(2013) Gherasim, CristinaThe study of the archival documents allows us to establish the fact that Măcărescu was an old aristocratic boyar family from the Moldavian territory over Prut, which acti vely fit into the life of Bessarabia after the annexation. Documents submitted to the Com mission instituted to verify the boyar social rank had proved that indeed the reprezenta tives of the Măcărescu belong to the social category of the nobles, being descendants of Mihail Măcărescu, a royal clerc. During the nineteenth century the representatives of this family fought for the confirmation and the reconfirmation of the title of nobility. We also can conclude that the Măcărescu family members had pretty large properties, have held various positions in the Russian imperial administration. In addition they were actively involved in the social life of Bessarabia. In conclusion we can see that Măcărescu family history contributed to the building of Bessarabia in the nineteenth century along with other aristocratic families and the entire population of the territory between the Prut and Dniester.Item RECENSĂMÂNTUL FISCAL DIN 1835 – SURSĂ IMPORTANTĂ ÎN STUDIEREA STĂRILOR SOCIALE PRIVILEGIATE DIN BASARABIA (Exemplul boiernaşilor)(2020) Tomuleț, ValentinÎn studiul de față, bazat pe un bogat material de fapt, autorul analizează două tipuri de surse istorice în studierea problemelor demografice și socio-economice ale Basarabiei în epoca modernă - recensămintele (în special recensămintele fiscale) și statisticile oficiale ruse de către instituțiile guvernamentale locale / județene sau centrale / regionale). Autorul constată că cercetarea istorică a istoricului / cercetătorului se bazează pe diverse surse istorice, pe baza cărora analizează întrebarea, recensămintele și statisticile sunt surse importante în studiul istoriei Basarabiei.