2. Articole
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Item HABITATUL GETIC ÎN ZONA SATULUI SOCOLA (RAIONUL ȘOLDĂNEȘTI, REPUBLICA MOLDOVA)(2022) Zanoci, Aurel; Băț, Mihail; Sochircă, Vitalie; Dulgher, Victor; Chitic, Vladimir; Cuculescu, DanielUntil recently, on the high terrace of the Dniester in the area of Socola village, only one site with traces of Iron Age habitation was known (point “Craina”). In the spring of 2022, a team of researchers from the Ion Niculiță Archaeological Center of the Moldova State University carried out new field surveys in the area, which resulted in the discovery of three more Late Iron Age sites. Thus, two fortifications (Socola III and Socola IV) with settlements in the immediate vicinity were discovered on the two promontories that rise above the Dniester riverbed by about 150-160 m. Two other settlements, Socola I “Craina” and Socola V, are located to the west, at a distance of about 1.40 km and 2.50 km, respectively. As a result of surface surveys, materials, especially pottery sherds, characteristic of the Getic culture were collected from the surface of the sites, which makes it possible to attribute this “agglomeration” of settlements to the 4 th-3rd centuries BC. Such an arrangement of fortifications and nearby settlements dating back to that period is often found in the Middle Dniester Basin, especially in the Saharna microregion.Item PAS CU PAS. CERCETĂRI INTERDISCIPLINARE LA SITUL DE EPOCA FIERULUI DE LA SAHARNA „RUDE” DIN BAZINUL NISTRULUI DE MIJLOC(2024) Zanoci, Aurel; Asăndulesei, Andrei; Băț, Mihail; Sochircă, Vitalie; Nagacevschi, Tatiana; Tencariu, Adrian-Felix; Dulgher, VictorIn the Middle Dniester Basin, from the 1940s to the present, several archaeological sites dating back to the Iron Age have been discovered and explored. In the past two decades, a team of researchers from the Moldova State University has been engaged in archaeological research in the Saharna microregion, where several fortifications and open settlements dating from both the Early and the Late Iron Age have been studied. Among them, the Saharna “Rude” site stands out, where, non-destructive surveys, as well as archaeological excavations were carried out in 2018-2021. As a result, traces of three phases of habitation were found at the Saharna “Rude” site. According to the discovered artifacts, the first phase of habitation can be attributed to the Early Iron Age (middle of the 12th century – 11th century BC), which corresponds to the Holercani-Hansca horizon. At the next stage, a circular enclosure was built in the northern part of the plateau, to the south of which there was an extensive settlement belonging to the CoziaSaharna culture (10th-9th centuries BC). The discovery of fragments of Greek amphoras, as well as handmade pottery specific to the Getic culture, indicates that this territory was also inhabited during the Late Iron Age (4th-3rd centuries BC). Therefore, the situation attested at Saharna “Rude” is similar to the one on the promontory opposite the Saharna Mare and comes to confirm the intense habitation of the Saharna microregion by human communities in the period from the middle of the 12th to the end of the 3rd century BC.Item SISTEMUL DEFENSIV AL CETĂŢII DIN EPOCA FIERULUI – SAHARNA MARE(2007) Niculiţă, Ion; Zanoci, Aurel; Arnăut, TudorToday over 82 Iron Age monuments are known in the area of the Middle Dniester, Central Moldavian Hills. The most impressive monuments are situated on high promontories and heights close to Saharna village, Republic of Moldova. These sites of ancient settlements and villages are known since the end of the 40s of the 20 th c., when G. D. Smirnov carried out the first reconnaissance excavations. Saharna Mare settlement stands out among these monuments. Since 2001 systematic archeological research has been carried out on the site. Saharna Mare is situat- ed on a high stony triangular promontory surrounded from all sides by deep inaccessible ravines. The promontory is accessible only from the South. Archeological research proves that the site was populated as early as the Early Iron Age when a Hallstatt settlement of Saharna-Solonceni type was founded there. Consequently the promontory was fortified in the south by a complex system of defence. It contained a wall which went from south-east to north- west, with a ditch and three semicircular ramparts in the centre and flanks. A comprehensive study of Saharna Mare fortifications offers certain corrections to our understanding of the con- struction methods at ancient settlements in the 1 st millennium BC. Remains of earth mounds almost always are wrecks of a once erected “wall”. The analysis of the main line of defensive system and two ramparts (the third is demolished) has shown that the fortification was constructed out of a timber wooden drainage placed on the lev- elled surface. In order to save the wooden flooring from moisture the gap was filled by sand. The timber drainage which was the footing of the fortification was pierced by poles located evenly and strengthened by longitudinal and transversal beams on different levels. This wooden carcass was filled by earth, stones, sand and clay. To ensure the preservation of the fortification the framework was filled by building material layer by layer. The outer sides of walls of the majority of settlements which were constructed following these methods have a 2-2,7 m wide berm. It was used as a base for a construction of clay and crushed stones aimed at protecting the wooden wall from fires, and it was thicker at its bottom and narrowing on its way to the top. Ca. 2 meters away from its southern outer side a ditch was dug, with its width at the mouth varying between 16,5- 18,0 m. Excavations have shown that in antiquity the width of the ditch on the surface was ca. 15,6 m, at the bottom – 6,1 m, the depth was 3,2 m, and its 2,1 m was dug out of the stony base of the promontory. Horseshoe-shaped ramparts which were bordering the ditch were built using the same methodology. The precise time of erection and demolition of the defences is so far difficult to establish with any precision. Following the analysis of the discovered material it is obvious that all of them were intact and functioning in the 4 th –3d c. BCItem CERCETĂRI INTERDISCIPLINARE LA SITUL DIN EPOCA FIERULUI SAHARNA MARE / „DEALUL MĂNĂSTIRII”(2018) Zanoci, Aurel; Rafailă-Stanc, Simina Margareta; Nagacevschi, Tatiana; Sochircă, VitalieSitul Saharna Mare / „Dealul Mănăstirii”, amplasat pe un promontoriu ce face parte din terasa înaltă a malului drept al Nistrului, a fost cercetat pe parcursul mai multor campanii arheologice, pe o suprafaţă totală de 2658 m2 . În urma acestor investigaţii s-a stabilit perindarea pe promontoriul Saharna Mare a mai multor fortificaţii şi aşezări deschise, care se încadrează în intervalul de timp cuprins între a doua jumătate a sec. XII şi sec. III a. Chr. În anul 2017, având ca reper harta magnetometrică a sitului, cercetările s-au axat pe investigarea unei porţiuni a aşezării, unde au fost identificate anomalii pozitive ce denotă prezenţa unor structuri arse. Ca urmare au fost descoperite cinci construcţii, 11 gropi menajere, precum şi un bogat şi variat inventar arheologic. De asemenea, din secţiune (29/2017) au fost recoltate 1396 resturi faunistice şi au fost prelevate probe de sol, care au fost analizate de specialiştii în domeniu de la Facultăţile de Biologie a Universităţii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” din Iaşi şi a Universităţii de Stat din Moldova.Item INVESTIGAŢIILE ARHEOLOGICE LA SITUL SAHARNA MARE / „DEALUL MĂNĂSTIRII”, RAIONUL REZINA (2017-2019)*(2019) Niculiţă, Ion; Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, Mihail; Dulgher, VictorThe archaeological research conducted in 2017-2019 was concentrated in the southwest part of the site, where as a result of the geomagnetic measurements a positive anomaly was attested that denotes the presence of burned structures. Following the archaeological excavations (256 m2) in this part of the settlement, three layers of living were identified: Holercani-Hansca, Cozia-Saharna and Thracian-Getae. It was discovered a pit (7/2018) belonging to the Holercani-Hansca horizon whose filling contained ceramics characteristic of this culture. For the Cozia-Saharna layer was found a structure (4/2017-2019), 12 pits, a burial, and various archaeological inventory represented by work tools, weapons and ceramics ornamented with incised and stamped ornaments. In the Thracian-Getae layer were uncovered three structures, 13 pits and a rich archaeological findings. Among the inventory items are tools and utensils made of different raw materials – iron, bronze, bone and horn, stone and burnt clay. From this layer come several weapons, in particular, tips of bronze arrows, as well as pieces of jewelry, represented by fibuale, bracelets, rings etc. Also, from the Thracian-Getae layer was recovered a significant amount of local ceramics and Greek importsItem A PLACE OF LIFE AND DEATH. BURIALS AND HUMAN BONE FINDS IN THE IRON AGE SETTLEMENT AT SAHARNA MARE / ”DEALUL MĂNĂSTIRII”: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS(2019) Băţ, Mihail; Simalcsik, Angela; Zanoci, AurelAmong the numerous vestiges of the Iron Age at Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii”, there are 11 finds of human remains, which are of particular interest for the interdisciplinary research of the site. In this article, we propose combining archaeological data with anthropological ones. The analyzed skeletal material comes from six types of archaeological contexts: “cultic structure”,“ditch”, “rampart”, “grave”, “dwelling”, and “cultural layer” (Fig. 2; 3). In all the analyzed cases the identified osteological remains come from a single individual. In total, seven individuals were identified, one of whom is female and six are male. Regarding age distribution, most individuals fall within the age range of 30-60 years (maturus). One individual falls within the age range of 20-30 years (adultus), and another one has passed the age of 60 (senilis). As a result of the paleopathological analyses, a wide spectrum of dental pathologies (supragingival calculus, cavities, abscess, antemortem tooth loss) and bone pathologies (osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc herniation, porotic hyperostosis) were recorded. The analysis of occupational indicators showed over-demanding physical activities, spatial mobility, and horseback riding. Traces of violent death, such as cranial and postcranial fractures, have been reported in several cases. There were also identified injuries with signs of healing.