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Item ISTORICUL DEMIR DRAGNEV LA VENERABILA VÂRSTĂ DE 80 DE ANI(2016) Tomuleț, ValentinItem BASARABIA LA 1828: PROCESE DEMOGRAFICE, STRUCTURI SOCIALE ŞI CONFESIUNI RELIGIOASE (Descrisă într-un memoriu prezentat instituţiilor imperiale ruse) (Partea I)(CEP USM, 2022) Tomuleț, ValentinThe author analyzes a memorandum from 1828, kept in the Chancellery Fund of the governor of Bessarabia (ANRM, F. 2, inv. 1, d. 1199, f. 1-69 verse), presented by the regional institutions of the imperial administration of St. Petersburg, after the suppression of the limited temporary autonomy of Bessarabia, based on the Regulation of February 29, 1828. The memorandum, which includes several tables describing the economic, social and religious situation of Bessarabia in 1828, is accompanied by a rather detailed commentary on the tables, which is more like a report, which the regional institutions presented annually at Petersburg starting with 1842 (at the beginning the data referring to the population included information for entire Bessarabia, and starting with 1847 – for each county center and for every county). The memorandum includes data on the area of the counties, the total number of the population divided by sex, social categories (nobles, clergy, peasants, members of szlachta, foreign colonists, the poor), the number of houses, in addition to those in urban areas included in this statistic, the number of localities in each county, depending on the number of houses (households), the surface of arable land, pastures, forests etc. Of particular interest are the compartments dedicated to the state of cities, different branches of rural and urban households: animal husbandry, agricultural development, handicrafts and various craft branches, factories and plants, internal and external trade, the moral character of the population, denominations. Quite valuable are the detailed comments (69 pages written on both sides) with reference to the 10 tables, attached at the end of the memorandum, which give us the opportunity to understand the processes that took place in Bessarabia during this time.Item „PRIVILEGIAŢII” ÎN STRUCTURA SOCIALĂ A BASARABIEI (1812–1871)(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, the author discusses the status of being privileged in Bessarabia after the annexation of this territory to the Russian Empire. Showcasing the boiernași, mazils and ruptasi, the author notes that belonging to the status of the “privileged” was of a hereditary nature. By their very name, the boiernași, as well as the mazils, preserved the “memory of being a boyar” and always opted for maintaining their ancestral privileges, as did the other privileged people. The imperial administration did not approve of these social and fiscal categories of society and granted them privileged status only temporarily, preserving, for a certain period of time, the particularities that existed in Moldova. The tendency to standardize the social structure and liquidate the social conditions specific to the Moldavian society was continuous in the sights of the imperial institutions. In accordance with the Regulation on the rights of belonging to the social estates of the inhabitants of Bessarabia of March 10, 1847, the Tsarist authorities made the Bessarabian boiernași equal in rights with the personal nobles of Russia (if the boiernași did not hold administrative positions, they were passed, compulsorily, in the category of mazils), calling them personal nobles from then on, and the mazils and ruptasi in the category of Russian odnodvortsy.Item REVOLTA ȚĂRANILOR DIN SATUL TABANI, JUDEȚUL HOTIN, ÎN LEGĂTURĂ CU APLICAREA REFORMEI AGRARE DIN 14 IULIE 1868(2023) Tomuleț, ValentinThe introduction of the agrarian reform of 1868 led to a major and long-lasting conflict between the peasants of the Tabani village of the Khotyn Uyezd and the owner of the Lisovsky estate, information about which we found in an impressive archival file. The peasants were dissatisfied, because having lost the lands they used before the reform, they did not receive all the plots that they should have had according to the new rules. The claims of the peasants were set out in petitions sent to the Briceni Volost Council, the Bessarabian Gubernial Office for Rural Affairs, the Congress of Conciliators of the Khotyn Uyezd, the Governor of Bessarabia, and other authorities. The main demands of the peasants can be found in five petitions and complaints addressed to the Bessarabian Gubernial Office for Rural Affairs: dated July 7, 1871, signed by 70 peasants; dated June 3, 1878, signed by 194 peasants; dated September 29, 1880, signed by 169 peasants; November 30, 1880, signed by 57 peasants and April 30, 1884, signed by 70 peasants. The complaints of the peasants are not only an important source in studying the specifics of the agrarian reform on July 14, 1868 in various areas of Bessarabia, but also the main source in studying the history of the village of Tabani, because they contain valuable information about the location of the village estate, its name (Mihalcăuţi, Mlinăuţi and Tabani), the main occupations of the inhabitants, the way they perform their duties towards the owner, the location of the village and the houses of some villagers (Gheorghe Rotari, Procopie Tacu, and others), the way of land appropriation (out of the 8 desyatinas of land provided by the new regulation, 167 villagers received 4 desyatinas each, 23 peasants received 2 desyatinas each, and the remaining 52 peasants received nothing by the time the petition was submitted). It is important that the peasants proved their right to property using old documents (princely charter of Peter VI the Lame dated May 25, 7097/1589, which established the boundaries of the estate, which did not change until 1812, as evidenced by the plan of the estate, made by order of Andronache Donici).Item BASARABIA ÎN SISTEMUL PIEŢEI INTERNE RUSE (1812 - ÎNCEPUTUL ANILOR ’70 AI SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2022) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this article, based on archival sources and published works, the author analyzes the stages of the inclusion of Bessarabia into the system of Russian domestic market, and based on features of customs and trade policy promoted by Russian imperial administration in the newly annexed province, determines the specific of this process. Making a brief feature of the period, the author conventionally determines in Russian imperial policy in Bessarabia two periods that correspond, in fact, to the stages of adaptation and inclusion of the region into the Russian domestic market: the first covers 1812-1830, the second – 1831-1868. The first period begins with the annexation of territory between the Prut and the Dniester to the Russian Empire under the Treaty of Bucharest of 16 (28) May 1812 and ends with the liquidation of the Bessarabian autonomy in 1828, the abolition of the Dniester customs cordon and customs unification of the province with Russian gubernias in accordance with the Regulations of 26 September 1830. In turn, the period 1812-1830 is divided conventionally into two stages. The first stage covers 1812-1825, the second covers 1825-1830, when the Regulations on trade with Bessarabia of 17 February 1825 were adopted. The second period covers 1831-1868 and begins with the abolition of local features in administrative structure, after the liquidation of the autonomy of Bessarabia in 1828, the abolition of the Dniester customs cordon and the introduction of the guild reform in Bessarabia in accordance with the regulation of 26 September 1830, and ends with the introduction of the agrarian reform of 1868. The highlighting and characterization of these periods makes it possible to determine the typology and to find out, based on the example of Bessarabia, the main stages in the inclusion of different regions and peoples into the Russian Empire.Item EMANCIPAREA ŢIGANILOR ÎN BASARABIA* EMANCIPATION OF ROMANI PEOPLE IN BESSARABIA("Centrografic" SRL, 2022) Tomuleț, ValentinPe baza unui bogat material factual inedit din arhivă, autorul analizează statutul și procesul de emancipare a sclavilor romi basarabeni, care s-a desfășurat în baza Statutului emis prin decretul Senatului din 2 martie 1861. Statutul proclama că sistemul de iobăgie/sclavie a fost desființat odată pentru totdeauna în Basarabia. Romilor eliberați din această dependență li se acordau drepturi similare țăranilor liberi înscriși în comunele sătești și celor stabiliți pe proprietățile moșierilor. Statutul din 2 martie 1861 nu a schimbat însă substanțial situația și statutul poporului rom din Basarabia, din simplul motiv că o mare parte dintre ei (în special cei din curte și rătăcitori) nu erau fermieri pricepuți, așezați cu greutăți. în comunitățile sătești unde nu au avut de ales decât să urmeze un mod de viață sedentar; de cele mai multe ori au fost întâmpinați la rece de săteni. Drept urmare, unii dintre ei s- au mutat în orașe și orașe, crescând rangul de meșteșugari, lăutari, muncitori sezonieri etc. De aceea, problemele legate de modul tradițional de viață al romilor, de integrarea acestei noi populații libere a Basarabiei în viața rurală și urbană s-a dovedit a fi mult mai dificilă decât se credea inițial.Item MAZILII, RUPTAŞII ŞI RUPTELE ÎN PRINCIPATUL MOLDOVEI (a doua jumătate a secolului al XVIII-lea - începutul secolului al XIX-lea)(2021) Tomuleț, ValentinDans la présente étude, l’auteur analyse les deux catégories privilégiées de population dans la Principauté de Moldavie – les Mazilis et les Ruptaş et détermine les changements qui se sont produits au fil des ans dans le statut social et la contrainte fiscale, met en discussion les données de recensement réalisées par l’administration russe en Moldavie dans les années 1772, 1774 et 1808, qui permettent d’établir leur nombre, par rapport aux catégories sociales imposables, et à partir de là, mettre en évidence leur statut et situation économique. L’analyse des documents publiés, mais aussi des originaux des archives, mises dans le circuit scientifique par l’auteur permettent une connaissance détaillée de l’histoire des catégories sociales de la Principauté de Moldavie, en particulier de celles privilégiées, de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle - le début du XIXe siècle, offre de réelles possibilités pour comprendre ces changements intervenus plus tard en Bessarabie, après son annexion en 1812 à l’Empire russe, nous permettent de souligner de manière convaincante l’unité de structure et de développement historique héritée de la Principauté de Moldavie et mettre en évidence les changements structurels qui sont parvenus au sein de ces catégories sociales et fiscales sous la domination tsariste.Item REPERE ISTORIOGRAFICE PRIVIND RELAȚIILE COMERCIALE ALE BASARABIEI CU PRINCIPATUL MOLDOVEI (1812-1859)1(2021) Tomuleț, Valentin; Butnaru, AdrianaLes auteurs mettent en discussion le problème des relations commerciales de Bessarabie avec la Principauté de Moldavie dans les années 1812-1859 et constatent que le sujet cité ne constitue pas l’objet d’étude des recherches, ni dans l’historiographie moderne, ni dans celle contemporaine. On note qu’il y a peu de recherches sur ce sujet et même s’il en a, ils sont faits tangentiellement (vague) dans les travaux de synthèse dédiés à la vie socialeéconomique de la Bessarabie dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle, mais ils ne répondent pas aux exigences de la science historiographique contemporaine. Il n’y a pas encore de visions claires sur diverses questions liées à la politique commerciale-douanière du tsarisme en Bessarabie dans les premières années après son annexion à la Russie. Il manque de précision et de clarté dans la détermination de l’influence de la politique commerciale sur le développement du commerce de la Bessarabie avec les États voisins, y compris la Principauté de Moldavie, l’inclusion de la région dans le système du marché intérieur et du marché intérieur russe et du commerce international, etc. Respectivement, il permet l’approche scientifique de ce sujet.Item STATISTICA MILITARĂ RUSĂ DIN 1825 – SURSĂ DE PATRIMONIU ÎN STUDIEREA ISTORIEI ȚINUTULUI ORHEI(CEP UPS "Ion Creangă, 2021) Tomuleț, ValentinSelon les statistiques militaires russes de 1825, trouvées dans les fonds des Archives historiques militaires d'État Russe (Moscou), l'auteur analyse les changements survenus dans la du comté d'Orhei au milieu des années ’20 du XIX-ème siècle. Les statistiques établissaient avec une grande précision le nombre de logements et contenaient des informations détaillées sur les ménages céréaliers et des différentes catégories sociales au moment de l'établissement des statistiques. Cette information était d'une nécessité vitale pour les institutions impériales, en particulier lorsque l'Empire russe était engagé dans divers affrontements militaires dans les Balkans et que la Bessarabie, en tant que territoire frontalier ou de transit, devait fournir à l'armée russe tout le nécessaire.Item