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Item BASARABIA LA 1828: PROCESE DEMOGRAFICE, STRUCTURI SOCIALE ŞI CONFESIUNI RELIGIOASE (Descrisă într-un memoriu prezentat instituţiilor imperiale ruse) (Partea I)(CEP USM, 2022) Tomuleț, ValentinThe author analyzes a memorandum from 1828, kept in the Chancellery Fund of the governor of Bessarabia (ANRM, F. 2, inv. 1, d. 1199, f. 1-69 verse), presented by the regional institutions of the imperial administration of St. Petersburg, after the suppression of the limited temporary autonomy of Bessarabia, based on the Regulation of February 29, 1828. The memorandum, which includes several tables describing the economic, social and religious situation of Bessarabia in 1828, is accompanied by a rather detailed commentary on the tables, which is more like a report, which the regional institutions presented annually at Petersburg starting with 1842 (at the beginning the data referring to the population included information for entire Bessarabia, and starting with 1847 – for each county center and for every county). The memorandum includes data on the area of the counties, the total number of the population divided by sex, social categories (nobles, clergy, peasants, members of szlachta, foreign colonists, the poor), the number of houses, in addition to those in urban areas included in this statistic, the number of localities in each county, depending on the number of houses (households), the surface of arable land, pastures, forests etc. Of particular interest are the compartments dedicated to the state of cities, different branches of rural and urban households: animal husbandry, agricultural development, handicrafts and various craft branches, factories and plants, internal and external trade, the moral character of the population, denominations. Quite valuable are the detailed comments (69 pages written on both sides) with reference to the 10 tables, attached at the end of the memorandum, which give us the opportunity to understand the processes that took place in Bessarabia during this time.Item „PRIVILEGIAŢII” ÎN STRUCTURA SOCIALĂ A BASARABIEI (1812–1871)(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, the author discusses the status of being privileged in Bessarabia after the annexation of this territory to the Russian Empire. Showcasing the boiernași, mazils and ruptasi, the author notes that belonging to the status of the “privileged” was of a hereditary nature. By their very name, the boiernași, as well as the mazils, preserved the “memory of being a boyar” and always opted for maintaining their ancestral privileges, as did the other privileged people. The imperial administration did not approve of these social and fiscal categories of society and granted them privileged status only temporarily, preserving, for a certain period of time, the particularities that existed in Moldova. The tendency to standardize the social structure and liquidate the social conditions specific to the Moldavian society was continuous in the sights of the imperial institutions. In accordance with the Regulation on the rights of belonging to the social estates of the inhabitants of Bessarabia of March 10, 1847, the Tsarist authorities made the Bessarabian boiernași equal in rights with the personal nobles of Russia (if the boiernași did not hold administrative positions, they were passed, compulsorily, in the category of mazils), calling them personal nobles from then on, and the mazils and ruptasi in the category of Russian odnodvortsy.Item ASPECTE COMPARATIVE ALE EVOLUŢIEI BASARABIEI ŞI NOVOROSIEI. PRIVIRE GENERALĂ ASUPRA SITUAŢIEI DEMOGRAFICE, SOCIALE ŞI ECONOMICE (ANII ’30-’50 AI SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich and varied documentary material found from various archive funds from the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, the author takes a general look at the demographic, social and economic situation of Bessarabia compared to the three Gubernyas of Novorossia - Herson, Tau- rida and Ekaterinoslav. The archive data show an obvious trend of population growth in Bessarabia and the three gubernyas of Novorossia, although this trend, for some gubernyas, is not constant. If for the region of Bessarabia and gubernyas of Ekaterinoslav and Taurida, this tendency is positive and evident for the entire period of time, then for the Herson gubernya this trend, for the year 1854, is negative, the diminution being related to the disaster caused to the population by the Crimean war. The increase in the population of the Taurida gu- bernya, directly involved in the Crimean War events, which naturally should had a neg- ative evolution, was due to the immigration from the Russian internal gubernyas of the serf peasants, who hoped to escape from the serfdom by participating in the war. The rhythms of population growth in Bessarabia, the three gubernyas of Novorossia, depended on multiple factors, the natural ones being the colonization with Transdanubian colonists, Germans, etc. and emigrants from Russian internal gubernyas. From a social and economic point of view, both Bessarabia and the gubernyas of Novorossia, where serfdom did not exist or had a weaker influence, where the products from held the character of commodities, as agricultural farms, both of landowners and peasants, involved in the market relations, attesting a the large number of guild merchants, especially of the fi rst two guilds, who maintained close ties with the foreign markets through the ports on the Black Sea coast, the Azov Sea, on the Danube, the place of Bessarabia being quite important, especially in the export of cereals.Item PARTICULARITĂŢI ALE POLITICII IMPERIALE RUSE ÎN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA (PRIVIRE GENERALĂ)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this article the author ascertains that Tsarism promoted in Bessarabia a colonial policy of rusification and denationalization by imposing Russian national and spiritual values, foreign to the detriment of the native ones, while the lack of state unity and national independence, political domination and economic exploitation, creating of cosmopolitan social states directly influenced this process.Item EVOLUŢIA INSTITUŢIILOR PUBLICE LOCALE DIN BASARABIA SUB DOMINAŢIE IMPERIALĂ RUSĂ (PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinAfter the Regulation of February 29, 1828, the limited and provisional autonomy that Bessarabia enjoyed for 10 years was liquidated, and the province was included in the economic and political system of the Russian Empire. Shortly afterwards, on September 26, 1830, the Dniester Customs Cordon was suppressed and transferred to the Prut and Danube, the guild structure was established, the Ismail City Administration was established, and Bessarabia was included in the economic and political system of the Russian Empire. Respectively, these changes necessitated certain changes at the regional, county and local administrative level. If in the central and regional institutions the imperial administration operated more radical changes in local public administration, tsarism was forced, for a certain period of time, to maintain local traditions, actively engaging in its change after the adoption of the Bessarabian Peasants Regulation of January 24, 1834, and liquidating entirely the old system of administration only from January 1, 1861, replacing it with Russian volost’ government.Item LITIGIILE FUNCIARE ÎNTRE MĂNĂSTIRILE ÎNCHINATE DIN MOLDOVA ŞI MOŞIERII DIN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMELE DECENII DUPĂ ANEXARE (Cazul tranzacţiei încheiate de moşierii Leon şi Tomuleţ cu mănăstirea Sf. Ioan Zlatoust din Iaşi)(Biblioteca Științifică Centrală„Andrei Lupan”, 2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, on the basis of a rich archive material, the author analyzes the land disputes between Moldavian monasteries and Bessarabian landowners in the first decades after annexation, based on an example of the transaction concluded by the landowners Leon and Tomuleţ with the monastery of St. Ioan Zlatoust from Iasi. The author ascertains that the transaction has in fact led to a long dispute between the parties who have concluded the exchange, which lasted until the end of the 1820s, with adverse effects both for the St. Ioan Zlatoust monastery in Iasi and Tomuleţ and Leon landowners, as well as for the inhabitants of Lăpuşna, especially for those who lived in the hearth of the former fair, which at the beginning of the 19th century fell to a state of a village, as well as for some people who risked, due to the dispute between the two parties, to lease the estate’s income, etc. The changes occurred in regard to the owners of the Lapusna estate practically did not solve the dispute with the inhabitants, but even aggravated it, advancing from disputes in the courts of law, to direct confrontation, which led some scholars to be- lieve that these events preceded with a decade the similar processes that carried out in Moldova in 1831.Item DOSARELE FAMILIILOR NOBILIARE DIN BASARABIA – SURSĂ IMPORTANTĂ DE PATRIMONIU DOCUMENTAR (ÎN BAZA DOSARULUI FAMILIEI TOMULEŢ)(2021) Tomuleț, ValentinFollowing the example of the Tomuleţ family dossier, the author discusses the issue of the dossiers of the Bessarabian noble families as an important source of documentary heritage in studying the noble origin of the people who were to regain the noble status held until 1812. The author notes that the dossiers of the noble families offer the possibility to establish the kinship ties these families had with the noble families from Moldova from the previous centuries, thereby confirming or denying their affiliation to the nobility; the dossiers serve as an important source in the study of the landed property of the Bessarabian nobility, because, in their requests, the nobles had to indicate the estates they owned (either they or their ancestors) until the annexation of this territory to Russia; they serve as an important source in the study of the genealogical tree of noble families, because the Bessarabian landlords were to confirm their nobility by old documents, signed by the officials, which they were to present, as a rule, in the original; the dossiers contain important data regarding the studies that the nobles received during the XIX century and serve as an important source in reflecting the basic stages of the struggle of the Bessarabian nobility for the recovery or confirmation of their noble titles.