2. Articole
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/48
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Item „ATMOSFERA MORALĂ ȘI PSIHOLOGICĂ” ÎN MEDIUL STUDENȚESC ÎN FAZA DE GERMINARE A MIŞCĂRII DE RENAŞTERE NAŢIONALĂ ÎN RSSM(2022) Rotaru, LilianaThe context created by the premises and evolution of the national revival Movement and the delayed restructuring of the Soviet higher education stimulated the civic activism and the involvement of the „easily inflamma- ble collective” of students in the events taking place in the MSSR in the second half of the 80s. Students from higher education institutions of the MSSR initiated actions consistent with the general objectives of perestroika, glasnost and national reawakening even before 1988, only that their actions were small, often singular, and the most resonant were identified and promptly penalized by the “competent bodies”, who monitored the mood of the academic collectives with particular attention. Although they had a complex network of methods and instruments for monitoring the „moral atmosphere and psychology” of the students, towards the end of 1988, the party authorities lost control and the battle for the minds and spirits of the students, they demonstrating civic and political maturity in the events of November 1988.Item PANEM ET CIRCENSES: REGIMUL SOVIETIC ŞI STUDENŢII ŞCOLILOR SUPERIOARE DIN RSS MOLDOVENEASCĂ ÎN ANII FOAMETEI (1946-1947)(2018) Rotaru, LilianaThe problem of overcoming the famine phenomenon (1946-1947) by the urban population of the Moldovan SSR remained less studied compared to the famine of the rural population, where the phenomenon was carried out with an ostentatious drama. The present study reveals the policy of the Soviet authorities towards one of the least representative demographic categories of the Moldovan cities – the students of the higher education institutions and the reasons why the Soviet authorities had a special attitude towards them in the years of famine, a study which, along with further research, completes the information about organized famine in Soviet Moldova. Based on the information from the archive files and memories of former students in the years of famine, we find that the Soviet regime was deeply concerned about the material and living conditions of students, regulating their food in the years of fa mine through several decisions of the state and party authorities. At the same time, the regime ordered the total involvement of students in political and ideological education activities, including their free time. The Soviet State had the intention to create social and national loyalties, and thus created for students, in 1946-1947, concerted conditions in order to not distract them from the process of educating the Soviet man, who later built the communist society in Moldovan SSR.Item STUDENȚII ȘI MIȘCAREA DE RENAȘTERE NAȚIONALĂ DIN RSS MOLDOVENEASCĂ: NOIEMBRIE 1989(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Rotaru, LilianaThe National Revival Movement at the end of the 1980s of the last century experienced episodes that deeply marked the subsequent development of events in the Moldavian SSR. One such episode is the event of November 7, 1989 and the one that naturally followed it on November 10 of the same year. In the present study, the author analyzes, based on unpublished archive documents, the forms, methods and degree of involvement of students in the National Movement of the Moldavian SSR, identifying two stages. The first stage, which chronologically coincides with the year 1988, is characterized by the self-organization of the students and their organized involvement within the institution, rather by the organization of literary- artistic cenacles, discussions on important documents, issued by the state and the party, etc. Towards the end of 1988, the „studious youth” became radicalized through the events of November and broke away from the Komsomol, creating the Student League – an alternative organization to represent them. The second stage is identified with the year 1989 and is more resonant. The students walked out of the universities (or were persuaded to walk out), being attracted and involved in the protest actions of the Democratic Movement and the Popular Front of Moldova. The „street students” participated in all the resounding protest actions with an active and retributive character, the peak of their involvement in the National Movement protests being those of November 7 and 10, 1989. After the authorities undertook more coercive „measures”, directing the entire arsenal of tools and methods of „persuasion” against them, the students were „pacified” and returned to study hall and dormitories.Item UN „POMPIER” PENTRU SISTEMUL EDUCAȚIONAL AL RSS MOLDOVENEȘTI – INSTITUTUL ÎNVĂȚĂTORESC DIN SOROCA(Tipografia "Lexon-Prim", 2020) Rotaru, LilianaThe history of some pedagogical higher education institutions in the Moldavian SSR, re-established and/or created by the Soviets since the second half of the 1940s, is more or less known, or they were the predecessors of some uni - versities in the Republic of Moldova. The shortage of teachers in the post-war period, generated by the expansion of the Soviet educational system in the Moldavian SSR after 1944 and, after 1949, by the transition to compulsory education of 7 classes in villages and 10 classes in Soviet Moldavian cities, led the authorities to open tempo - rary pedagogical higher education institutions, producing, in particular, teachers for grades V-VII and VIII-X. The author tries to decipher, based on unique archival sources, the ins and outs of the founding process of the Soroca Educational Institute – a pedagogical higher education institution with an ephemeral existence, to which the regime assigned a role of „firefighter” for the shortage of teachers in the public education of the Moldavian SSR.Item CONSTRUCȚIA NAȚIONALĂ ȘI SOCIALĂ A CORPULUI STUDENȚESC POSTBELIC AL UNIVERSITĂȚII DE STAT DIN MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2018) Rotaru, LilianaIncongruența dintre politica națională declarată a statului sovietic și impetuozitatea și perseverența regimului comunist de a edifica un sistem al învățământului superior în RSS Moldovenească, în lipsa unor condiții oportune în primii ani de după cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial, a determinat constituirea unui contingent studențesc hibridizat și distorsionat din punct de vedere etnic și social. Așa-numitul „învățământ superior moldovenesc” și pentru „moldoveni” era, de fapt, un învățământ care se realiza preponderent în limba rusă, iar cea mai mare parte a studenților (dar și a cadrelor didactice) erau de origine salvă (ruși, ucraineni, bieloruși), „reprezentanții populației autohtone – moldovenii” fiind în proporție maximă de 30 la sută în această perioadă. Politica autorităților de stat și de partid sovietice a asigurat crearea unei structuri naționale și sociale a corpului studențesc care favoriza și stimula sovietizarea, rusificarea și rusianizarea învățământului superior din RSS Moldovenească.