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Author: search.filters.author.Băţ, MihailSubject: search.filters.subject.Nistrului Mijlociu

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    FORTIFI CATIONS AND OPEN SETTLEMENTS OF THE 1ST MILLENNIUM BC IN THE MICRO-ZONE OF HORODISTE-TIPOVA
    (2014) Zanoci, Aurel; Niculiţă, Ion; Băţ, Mihail
    În partea de sud a regiunii Nistrului Mijlociu, în preajma localităţilor Horodişte şi Ţipova, raionul Rezina, se conturează un spaţiu cu suprafaţa de cca 6 km 2 , unde au fost evidenţiate mai multe situri arheologice, atribuite epocii fierului. Ca urmare a studierii ortofotoplanurilor, a cercetărilor perieghetice şi sondajelor arheologice în această microzonă a fost atestată o „aglomeraţie” de situri, compusă din şapte fortificaţii şi patru aşezări civile (fig. 2), atribuite două orizonturi culturale – hallstattian timpuriu şi traco-getic. Orizontul hallstattian timpuriu, de tip Cozia-Saharna, este reprezentat de o fortificaţie (citadela de la Horodişte „La Şanţ”) şi două aşezări deschise (Horodişte „Groapa Turcului” şi Ţipova II). Cel traco-getic este documentat prin şapte fortificaţii (Horodişte „La Cot”, Horodişte „La Şanţ”, Buciuşca II, Ţipova III etc.) şi două aşezări deschise (Buciuşca IV şi Buciuşca V). Dintre fortificaţiile traco-getice se evidenţiază cea de la Horodişte „La Cot”, care se deosebeşte de restul prin suprafaţa considerabilă (cca 28 ha), complexitatea sistemului defensiv, precum şi prin poziţia strategică pe care o ocupă în microzona Horodişte-Ţipova. Plecând de la aceste observaţii, la nivelul actual de cercetare, se poate presupune că cetatea Horodişte „La Cot” a îndeplinit funcţiile unui „centru” economic, administrativ etc. pentru comunităţile din regiune.
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    INVESTIGAŢIILE ARHEOLOGICE LA SITUL SAHARNA MARE (2009-2011) (I)
    (2012) Niculiţă, Ion; Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, Mihail; Matveev, Sergiu
    The Saharna Mare site (Rezina district) stands out among the monuments of the Middle Dniester area by its location and the degree of scrutiny. It is situated on a high rocky trapezoidal cape with an area of about 12 hectares, surrounded on three sides by deep canyons with inaccessible shores. Only from the south the cape is connected to the outside world. Due to its strategic location, this area was inhabited as early as the end of the 2nd millennium B.C. This monument drew the attention in the late 40s of the last century when there were conducted the first archaeological excavations (Smirnov, 1949, 93-96; Smirnov, 1949a, 189-202; Arnăut 2000, 93-104). Since 2001, an archaeological expedition of the Moldova State University conducts systematic research on the site. The results of studies conducted in 2001-2007 have been published in several articles and a monograph (Niculiţă, Zanoci, Arnăut 2008a, 69-150). As a result of these investigations there were identified several cultural-chronological horizons: 1 - presented by complexes with incised pottery; 2 - relating to the Cozia-Saharna culture; 3 - Thracian-Getae (7th - 3rd centuries B.C.). This article contains information about finds relating to the Cozia-Saharna culture, which were discovered as a result of the excavations of 2009-2011 carried out by five digs (13, 13A, 14, 15, 18) with the total area of 444 m2. Through the matching of orthophotomaps (fi g. 4/1), the results of geomagnetic studies (fi g. 3, 4/2), and archaeological research data (fi g. 9/1) in the southeast of the cape there were found the remains of a “citadel” and the adjacent “fortifi ed yard”. The “citadel” of a rounded shape (fig. 4/3), size 60×64 m (about 0,32 ha), was located on the southeastern outskirts of the cape; it was reinforced on all sides by a moat and a wooden stone-earthen wall. The width of the moat varies from 4,2 to 6,0 m, depth – 0,7 to 1,6 m. The wall was built of two rows of wooden pillars dug vertically into the mainland loam. The space between rows was fi lled with stones and earth, thus forming a fortification of about 1,0-1,2 m in width. The “citadel” had an adjacent semi-oval “yard” in the north-west side, with the dimensions of 55×78 m, which was also fortified by a moat (fig. 4/3). The width of the moat was 2-3 m, the depth – 1,0-1,4 m. In the “citadel” there were investigated one ground construction (fi g. 21), 37 household pits (fi g. 23-32), and one religious construction? (fi g. 33). There was also identifi ed a sufficiently rich and varied inventory (fig. 36-45) that allowed to attribute the “citadel” and the adjacent “yard” to the Cozia-Saharna culture. Most likely, these fortifications were designed to shelter residents of the Saharna “Dealul Mănăstirii” settlement, which was in close proximity. In addition, the “citadel” could serve as a socio-political and religious center for the Early Hallstatt population of the Saharna region (fi g. 46).