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ETICA GRIJII ȘI GÂNDIREA GRIJULIE DIN FILOSOFIA PENTRU COPII
(CEP USM, 2024) Bălan, Marin
The way we think lies at the core of the Philosophy for Children program, which was created in the 1970s by Matthew Lipman and Ann-Margaret Sharp. Initially, they introduced two primary forms of thinking: critical thinking, guided by the pursuit of truth as a regulative idea, and creative thinking, driven by the quest for meaning. In their later works, they also delved into caring thinking, rooted in the values that the research community puts into play. A question has arisen about whether this caring thinking is connected to the ethics of care, as presented by Carol Gilligan in the early 1980s. In this study, I demonstrate that while Lipman insisted on the epistemological aspects of caring thinking, in relation to critical and creative thinking, Sharp emphasized the ontological dimension of caring thinking and presented it as a fundamental condition for engaging in philosophical practice with children.
LIPMAN, DEWEY ȘI PREDAREA ABILITĂȚILOR DE GÂNDIRE
(CEP USM, 2024) Bălan, Marin
The idea of doing philosophy with children did not appear out of the blue. It would be hard to imagine the program of philosophy for children, as it was developed by Matthew Lipman, without the ideas taken from John Dewey. One of these ideas is the teaching of thinking skills, and this presentation is devoted to it. Dewey showed that what school can and must do for students is to develop their ability to think. This issue is taken up by Lipman in philosophy for children, developing a thinking skills program that should help children think both more logically and more meaningfully.