2. Articole
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Item 28 IDEI ȘI TENDINȚE ÎN ISTORIOGRAFIA ROMÂNEASCĂ PAȘOPTISTĂ(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Bobână, GheorgheIn the first half of the 19th century, fundamental cultural, political and economic changes took place in the Romanian Principalities. At the cultural level, mentalities, political and philosophical conceptions have changed, there has been a transition from religious thinking to rationalistic, modern thinking. Cultural emancipation was seen as a condition of political and economic emancipation. Decisive for the foundation of the new culture and for the formation of new mentalities were the research of history, traditions and popular culture, the study of the language, the analysis of the particular political and social conditions in which the Romanian people evolved. This issue was also reflected in the level of political and historical thinking, in the systems of ideas that Romanian thinkers built. The evolution of political thought and institutions in the first half of the 19th century expressed the tendency to democratize and adapt liberal principles to domestic conditions.Item ACTIVITATEA BISERICII ORTODOXE ROMÂNE ÎN VEDEREA REVIGORĂRII VIEȚII RELIGIOASE ÎN TRANSNISTRIA (1941-1944)(Bons Offices, 2024) Fuştei, NicolaeItem ADMINISTRAȚIA AUSTRIACĂ ÎN BUCOVINA – REALIZĂRI ȘI CONSECINȚE(Bons Offices, 2024) Ungureanu, ConstantinItem ASOCIAȚIA ÎNVĂȚĂTORILOR DIN ORAŞUL ŞI JUDEȚUL BĂLȚI (1918-1940) PAGINI DE ISTORIE INTERBELICĂ (I)(2024) Enciu, NicolaePrezentul articol constituie o primă încercare de abordare a istoriei înființării și activității Asociației Învățătorilor din județul și municipiul Bălți între cele două războaie mondiale, prin prisma publicațiilor periodice pe care le-a inițiat, le-a editat și le-a promovat în acei ani – Buletinul și Revista Asociației. Sunt tratate aspecte privind istoria Asociației în perioada interbelică și principalele preocupări ale acesteia: ameliorarea bazei materiale a învățământului în cuprinsul județului, modernizarea procesului didactic, apărarea și promovarea revendicărilor și a drepturilor profesionale ale corpului didactic, activitatea Băncii învățătorilor din județul Bălți, organizarea de cercuri și cămine culturale ș.a. Activitatea Asociației Învățătorilor din orașul și județul Bălți între cele două războaie mondiale confirmă într-o deplină măsură adevărul exprimat încă în acei ani, că târgul și ținutul Bălților era nu numai un important centru economic și comercial al Basarabiei, ci și un puternic centru cultural.Item Item ASPECTE ISTORIOGRAFICE CU PRIVIRE LA FORMAREA ȘI EVOLUȚIA RASSM(Bons Offices, 2024) Burlacu, ValentinItem ASPECTE ISTORIOGRAFICE CU PRIVIRE LA PROBLEMA INTRĂRII TRUPELOR ROMÂNE ÎN BASARABIA LA ÎNCEPUTUL ANULUI 1918(Bons Offices, 2024) Burlacu, ValentinItem CARTEA ÎN LIMBA LATINĂ DIN BIBLIOTECA PREOTULUI GHEORGHE ARMAȘU(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Cereteu, Igor; Mihaluța, LinaGheorghe Armașu (1914-1991) was a priest with special spiritual qualities, a true intellectual of the 20th century, a patriot and a priest appreciated by the communities in which he served. He was born on January 25, 1914 in the village of Domulgeni, Soroca county in a peasant family. He studied in the local school and had secondary education. In 1929 he entered the Theological Seminary in Chisinau, which he graduated in 1937, after which he entered the Theological Academy in Chernivtsi, but due to the poor material situation, he abandoned his studies. He first worked as a psalmist in the village of Bălcăuții de jos, Cernăuți region, then as a priest in the villages of Vetreanca, Moșana, Plop, Petreni. He had a special passion for old books. He collected several libraries, which the Soviet regime confiscated. His last library composed of over 700 books was saved by Ioan Vasile Nicorici, a professor at “Alecu Ruso” Bălți University, and is currently stored in the library of this institution. The books are in different languages. In Gheorghe Armașu’s library there are 67 theological, historical, didactic books and a Latin-Romanian dictionary. The books were mostly bought in Chernivtsi. Only three books belonged to the priest Gheorghe Armașu from December 1939, when he was in the village of Vetreanca (Hotin county). Others were mostly purchased in the city of Chernivtsi during 1973-1984. His passion for old books made him a savior of them, threatened to be destroyed, after the communist regime closed most of the cultural institutions in the annexed Romanian territories.Item CEREMONIALUL DE PRIMIRE AL SOLIILOR STRĂINE ÎN ȚARA MOLDOVEI, SECOLELE XVI-XVII(CEP USM, 2024) Cernenchi, EugenThe diplomatic ceremony played an important role in the political and diplomatic life at the court of Moldovan rulers in the 16th-17th centuries. The documents use the term of “obicei” (“custom”) to describe it, which proves that at the court of Moldovan rulers there was a system of unwritten rules, based on experience and precedents and which represented the diplomatic protocol. These rules remained in the collective memory and were handed down from generation to generation through servants of the court chancellery, court nobility, heralds and even the lords themselves. The diplomatic ceremony had several stages: welcoming the guests at the border and then at the entrance to the capital, the audience, the banquet, the negotiation sessions, the final audience and the departure. The diplomatic ceremony in Moldova was a “custom” adjusted to the changes taking place in international political life and in society. In the 17th century, these changes were even more noticeable. Like in other European countries, in Moldova this “custom” was gradually formalized and transformed into a diplomatic ceremony and protocol characteristic of the modern era.Item COLECȚIA LUI FRANÇOIS ROUSCHITZKI ÎN ORIZONTUL CULTURII MUZICALE NAȚIONALE DIN PRIMELE DECENII ALE SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(Bons Offices, 2024) Ghilaş, VictorItem COMERȚUL MOLDOVEI ÎN SECOLUL AL XVII-LEA: CÂTEVA OBSERVAȚII ÎN BAZA UNOR SURSE INEDITE(Bons Offices, 2024) Constantinov, ValentinItem COMUNITATEA ROMÂNEASCĂ DIN UCRAINA LA HOTARUL SECOLELOR XX-XXI(Bons Offices, 2024) Ungureanu, ConstantinItem CONCESIUNILE – INSTRUMENT DE VALORIFICARE A DOMENIILOR STATULUI ÎN BASARABIA (1812-1863)(CEP USM, 2024) Emilciuc, AndreiIn this article we analyze the particularities of the capitalization of state domains in Bessarabia through the concession of potential sources of income to private entrepreneurs. Studying the archival documentary sources allowed us to conclude that the concessions represented for the Russian government the main tool for the valorization of its domains in Bessarabia from its annexation to the empire in 1812 and until the beginning of the 1860s. The active involvement of entrepreneurs in the economic organization of the province – by expanding the system of concessions,freed the Russian state from the burden of paying numerous new officials and guaranteed the receipt of expected revenues without any additional institutional expenses. The negative impact of concessions was their gradual monopolization by entrepreneurs from outside the province. As a result, entrepreneurs from Bessarabia were deprived of an important source of primary capital accumulation, while the province – of serious investments from the concessionaires.Item CONFRUNTAREA DIPLOMATICĂ ÎN PROBLEMA PREZENȚEI MILITARE RUSE ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(Bons Offices, 2024) Ţaranu, Anatolie; Țăranu, GabrielaItem CONSTRUCŢIA LINGVISTICĂ ÎN RSS MOLDOVENEASCĂ: ÎNTRE SLAVIZARE ŞI EFORTUL DE REVENIRE LA LIMBA ROMÂNĂ (ANII 1940-1960)(CEP USM, 2024) Negru, Elena; Negru, GheorgheThe study addresses an important topic related to the evolution of language policy in the MSSR over two post-war decades. The authors analyze the scientific debates from the periods of Stalinism and Khrushchevist ,,thaw”, such as the manufacture of ,,Moldovan languages” hybrid, Latin-Slavic, the role of the scientific meetings of Soviet linguists, since 1951, 1955 and 1961 from Chisinau, in revealing the falsifications regarding the ,,Moldovan language”, in recognition of the Moldovan-Romanian linguistic identity. An important emphasis is placed on the reflection of the discussions launched in 1955-1956 in the press by researchers, which led to the approval by the authorities of the MSSR in August 1957, of the spelling norms of the ,,Moldovan language”, which was an important step towards its harmonization with the Romanian language.Item CONTESTAREA BASARABIEI. ACȚIUNEA SUBVERSIVĂ SOVIETICĂ ÎNTR-O PROVINCIE ROMÂNEASCĂ (1918-1940)(Bons Offices, 2024) Ţîcu, OctavianItem CULĂCIMEA ÎN RSS MOLDOVENEASCĂ: MIT ȘI REALITATE(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Șișcanu, IonThe term “kulak” emerged in the Tsarist Russia’s villages before 1861 reform. A “kulak” was the peasant who got wealthy by enslaving fellow peasants and who held the entire peasant community “in his fist”, i.e. dependent on him. During 1918-1920, in Bolshevik Russia, against the background of the “war communism”, this social category had disappeared. In the period of late 1920s, in the USSR, any well-to-do household could be labelled as a Kulak’s property. In 1930, the Soviet administration elaborated “The Kulak’s household criteria”. In the Moldavian SSR, although there was a lack of indicators any existence of Kulak’s households, similar to those in the USSR, the authorities took up the issue of fighting Kulakism immediately after the occupation of Bessarabia. “The policy of terminating Kulakism as a class” and the repressions were mainly directed against the broad stratum of the peasantry. The main criterion for the assessment of “kulak” households had a political character, elaborated by the structures of the Bolshevik Party and, above all, by the Ministry of State Security of the Moldavian SSR.Item DIN ISTORIA ALIMENTAȚIEI POPULAȚIEI DIN ȚARA MOLDOVEI (SFÂRȘITUL SEC. AL XVI-LEA - ÎNCEPUTUL SEC. AL XIX-LEA): LACTATELE(CEP USM, 2023) Felea, AlinaCercetarea se referă la regimul alimentar al populației din Țara Moldovei în perioada sfârșitul secolului al XVIleaînceputul sec.al XIX-lea. În special în perioada liberă de post, un rol important în rația cotidiană îl aveau laptele și produsele lactate (smântâna, untul, brânza, cașul etc.). Prezența acestora pe masă erau condiționate și de activitatea tradițională economică a populației din Țara Moldovei, în care creșterea animalelor ocupa un rol de frunte, susținută și de cererea produselor lactate pe piață. Produsele lactate erau comercializate, ceea ce a stimulat crearea cășăriilor și actvitatea brânzarilor. Diferite tipuri de surse remarcă consumul lactatelor de către toate categoriile de populație. Prețurile la aceste produse depindeau, în mare parte, de calitatea lor.Item DIPLOMAȚIA FANARIOȚILOR (1711-1821)(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Mischevca, VladThe Phanariot princes, as in the previous era of autochthonous reigns, had diplomatic agents at the Sublime Porte (Capukehai) and benefited from the same ceremonial forms. Thus, throughout the period of the Phanariot reigns (1711-1821), the Romanian Principalities, through their diplomatic agents from Constantinople, who performed the function of representatives of the voivode with diplomatic envoy status, accredited by the Ottoman authorities (Grand vizier), affirmed their status autonomous within the Ottoman Empire. The increase in the importance of the Capukechais during the Phanariot reigns was manifested by the increase in their number, their influence in the Principality and their importance in the diplomatic world of Constantinople. To obtain the desired status, that of voivode (hospodar) or dragoman and to be able to keep it for as long as possible, the Phanariot families had to wage a permanent struggle, by all means to annihilate their opponents, Phanariot’s like themselves. During this period, the history of the foreign policy of Moldova and Wallachia is, in fact, the history of the ties and political relations between the families of the Phanariot princes and the Great European Powers - relationships, which were often hidden, being much more complex and with multivalent implications in the politics of the era than believed.