2. Articole

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PERSPECTIVA FILOSOFICĂ CU PRIVIRE LA SECURITATEA SOCIALĂ ÎN CONTEXT BELIGERANT
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Tamara, Martin
Security has always been an important term in people's lives and needs throughout the ages. Maslov’s pyramid shows us that the need for security is the next step after physio-logical needs. Essentially, security has to do with the presence of peace, safety, enjoyment, and protection of human and physical resources or the absence of crisis or threats to human dignity, all of which facilitate the development and progress of any human society.
UNELE CONIDERAȚIUNI CU PRIVIRE LA ASPECTELE ETICE ALE EGOISMULUI ÎN SOCIETATEA CONTEMPORANĂ
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Capcelea, Valeriu
This article deals with the issue of ethical aspects of egoism in contemporary society. The author refers to the essence of egoism, the relationship between egoism and altruism, egoism and morality, and carries a description of egoism reasonable emerging from the conceptions of. Th. Hobbes and Jh. Rawls. In his option, egoism reasonable contribute to the development of morality because it assumes that the actions and deeds of egoism are based on reason contributing to care for the other. At the same time, the given article examines the fundamental types of egoism that manifest in contemporary society – egoism suitable and egoism unsuitable, and their specific features are characterized.
O ABORDARE ETICĂ A RELAȚIEI MEDIC-PACIENT ÎNTR- UN CADRU AL VULNERABILITĂȚII
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Ojovan, Ala; Ojovanu, Vitalie
The doctor-patient relationship has an important role in the success of the medical act. Vulnerability constitutes a specific state of the human person which, by its scope and diversity, can be characterized as a social-medical phenomenon. Medication has a special character in the case of the contingent of vulnerable patients. This fact also determines current ethical topics.
ROLUL FILOSOFIEI ÎN FORMAREA COMPETENȚELOR – CHEIE (TRANSVERSALE) FORMATE ÎN SISTEMUL EDUCAȚIONAL DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Inglis, Iulia
The formation of the key (transversal) competences formed in the national educational system is a complex process, which requires the creation of effective didactic conditions and strategies on the part of the philosophy teacher, through which emphasis is placed on learning by action. Studying philosophy enables the formation of key (transversal) skills and focuses on the following values and attitudes: critical and divergent thinking; availability for dialogue and debate; curiosity and interest in learning; consistency and rigor in thought and action; awareness of personal identity, acceptance of diversity and positive valuing of differences; solidarity and taking responsibility for personal deeds.
ROLUL MEDICALIZĂRII ÎN GESTIONAREA CALITĂȚII VIEȚII OMULUI
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Şargu, Elena
Technological and scientific progress in medical activity has contributed to revolutionizing the methods of treating diseases, which has generated disputes and dilemmas at the social and individual level. It is certain that medicalization involves a complex set of interests, rules and how society perceives disease, health, quality of life. Within the correlation between the phenomenon of medicalization and society, a co-relation of partnership is found, given the fact that medicalization aims at the human condition, having an impact on all stages of the individual's life.
RECAPITULĂRI TEORETICO-PRAGMATICE ÎN CUNOAȘTEREA SOCIETĂȚII POST-PANDEMIE
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Pascaru, Ana
The contemporaneity of post-pandemic society by far does notstate overcoming the consequences of the pandemic, denouncing itself in the feverishness of the search for suitable solutions. Or, the consequences of the pandemic or also attached to the post-pandemic emergencies that are insufficiently aware at all levels of the social hierarchy worsen the state of affairs in the societal environment. Accumulated over time, the pandemic consequences and the post-pandemic emergencies are complicated and due to the low degree of responsibility in the behavior of community members, both they become susceptible to the ascension of immeasurable risks in society, but also environment. It is attested that the rise of immeasurable risks is also fuel led by those caused by the belligerent state. Simultaneously, otherwise effects effects and consequences triggered by the events/ actions of hybrid warfare after February 24, 2022 are incorporated. Shares the scale of which attract and influence societies not only in the European region, but also in global society in general. Thus, with the incorporation of hybrid warfare into societal action, it changes their trajectory in and between communities, societies, independently of the distance of the belligerent source. This incorporation, together with the process of globalization, deepens the actions and resizes their interconnections, interactions and interdependencies from socio-economic, socio-political, social-cultural to social anthropological with the post-pandemic imprint both in society and in environment.
KAIROS ÎN TIPOLOGIA CULTURII ȘI CONCEPTUL DE MODEL NOICASIAN
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Panfil, Vera
The definition of the concept of culture in correlation with the notion of civilization were used by the scientists in the period of western enlightening and romanticism at the origin of which there are the anthropology researchers: Edward Tylor, Conte de Gobineau, Georges de Lapouge, Eugen Pittard, Otto Ammon, Will Durant, Iu. M. Lotman, Max Weber, Eduard Meyer. The methodology of the culture science exercises a complex study in the determination of another type of culture – civic culture reflected in G. Almond’s and S. Verba’s studies about a modern realistic pluralistic culture bazed on the communication and persuasion, a consuming and diversity culture. This research confirms the actuality of the study of the cultural model through the democratic cultural criteria and the prism of the convenient time – KAIROS and the characteristics of a democratic personality. This research is profoundly elaborated on the basis of the theories of domain in the Romanian philosophy of C. Radulescu-Motru about politicianism and the formation of the interiorized and not exteriorized culture manifested by objects and materials, taking into consideration the scientific-psycologic conception about the valne of the soul in the importance of culture. This scientific novelty inaugurated by C. Radulescu-Motru is exactly in unison with the cultural model given by C. Noika about the unity of social conscience and that of the soul of the culture that considers that foreign culture imported from aboard can’t substitute the real consciencios culture of the society. In such a way we confirm the convenient moment (kairos) in the importance of the cultural model to which the people adhere as to a essential factor in its flourishing development and its affirmation in an universal plan. It is mentioned the contribution of philosopher T. Vianu about the cultural will and the cultural values determined as a cultural act that develops the general notion of culture with the scientific novelty of two essential components: „cultural will” and „faith”. „The genesis of the culture forms” is reflected on the basis of P. P. Negulescu’s worhs, elucidation of cultural anthropology – through the prism of anthropologist Șt. L. Mureshanu, the cultural constitutive elements from „The Introduction of the philosophy of culture” of A. Dragomir, St. Covalschi, G. Liiceanu. We resort to the interpretation of the culture types by Lucian Blaga („The Thriology of Culture”) about the „minor” cultures (ethnographical) and „major” (monumental) ones.
INVARIANTE IDEATICE ÎN CREAȚIA PUBLICISTICĂ A LUI VASILE ȚEPORDEI
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Troianowski, Lidia
The article analyzes the prodigious publishing activity of the priest, publicist, editor memoralist V. Țepordei. The research of the publishing creation of V. Țepordei carried out in several publication from the interwar period of the century XX: Raza, Luminătorul, Studentul, Cuvânt Moldovenesc, Basarabia, Gazeta Basarabiei etc. was made from the perspective of the ideational invariants of the thinker’ s area of national socio-political and cultural interests.
PRINCIPIUL AUTONOMIEI, DREPT SUBIECT AL VULNERABILITĂȚII DEȚINUTULUI
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Cojocaru, Viorel
The habitat deprived of freedom has generated various problems and topics of bioethical content, a fact that aims to improve the quality of life and health of the detainee. A problem that deserves deep research is the contrast between the detainee's autonomy and his depersonalization during the detention period. This aspect conditions the person deprived of liberty to an increased degree of vulnerability. On the other hand, maximizing the detainee's autonomy would come into direct conflict with one of the purposes of the penitentiary institution: deprivation of physical freedom and conditioning of a certain lifestyle.
REGÂNDIREA CONCEPTULUI DE VULNERABILITATE: UNELE CONTRIBUȚII BIOETICE
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Rubanovici, Ludmila
The issues is concerning to the inerrancy of conflicts in the changes that occur in contemporary society. However, social conflicts and changes influence each other and depending on the availability and openness of social institutions, the transformations towards which society tries to capitalize on them are carried out. Thus, knowing the state of society through the metamorphoses that take place in the evolution of conflicts is more than welcome. In this context, theoretical landmarks are identified and conceptualized, starting with the review through the reference concepts. We discuss not only the evolution of concepts: social conflict or society, but also that of the knowledge-based society. All the more so since the latter as a component of the Information Age also contributes to the crossing of borders and produces imbalance in the relationship between the internal and external factors.
A VORBI DESPRE CEEA CE SE ÎNTÂMPLĂ: DOUĂ POZIȚII DISCURSIVE
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Cosmescu, Alexandru
In the present paper, I propose a phenomenological approach to several modes of “speaking about what is happening”, a form of activity that is fundamentally constitutive of our way of being. Using the Heideggerian framework of speech as disclosure, I emphasize the role of idle talk – an inauthentic form of speech – in shaping the ways in which we relate to our situation. When what is happening becomes a reason for polarization within the community, based on the “imperative to have an informed position”, the discursive position of the “expert” almost takes the proportions of a savior: the expert, with an assumed background, can speak about something happening without the need of us seeing it for ourselves and making our own minds. Moreover, the expert speaks from their expertise about something happening now – that is, the status of their discourse is not that of research (which might lead to a form of disclosure), but approaches the status of idle talk itself, especially when the expert is increasingly invited to speak without a personal familiarity with the matters they speak about. I contrast this discursive position with that of the witness: a witness, unlike an expert, is legitimized by their presence when something was happening, not by a special training. Moreover, the witness’s testimony does not pretend to “form a clear view about something”, but comes from a being-unsettled, and can be just as unsettling for its addressee.
INTERPRETĂRI ETICE PRIVIND VULNERABILITATEA LUCRĂTORULUI MEDICAL
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Banari, Ion
The approaches regarding the vulnerability of the people involved in the medical act are centered, predominantly, on the patient. The healthcare worker is usually interpreted as a powerful person who has the duty to care and treat. Of course, the patient's illness, his mental sensitivities, the information received from the doctor regarding the state of health can generate various forms of vulnerability. But we cannot overlook the fact that overcoming the vulnerable circumstances of the patient through professional, moral and communication skills of the doctor involved overwork, extended work schedule, obsession with perfection, low resistance to stress, etc., which generates the appearance of Burnout syndrome and affects the person of the doctor, becoming physically, emotionally and cognitively vulnerable. This fact cannot be admitted, because the doctor's vulnerability also influences the quality of medical services. The present communication is focused on two issues: the first involves a synthesis of typologies of human vulnerability to identify particularities in the healthcare worker; the second assumes an ethical approach to these particularities, providing moral conditions for preventing the various contexts that present the doctor as vulnerable.
O SCURTĂ INTRODUCERE ÎN FUNDAMENTELE FILOSOFICE ȘI IMPLICAȚIILE CRYPTO-VIITORULUI
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Bodean, Nicolae
Humanity has probably always wanted a direct, automated and incorruptible connection with the divinity or the universe in which it lives. Thus, between this aspiration and everyday reality various explanations and solutions for navigating reality have emerged, from superstition and religion to philosophy and science. One of the proposed solutions in contemporary technological conditions is blockchain which represents an encrypted, decentralized and universally accessible database. Which comes as a response to both contemporary realities and aspirations as well as pre-existing solutions and concepts. Broadly, the crypto-future remains to be debated between the same two directions libertarianism and anarchism.
28 IDEI ȘI TENDINȚE ÎN ISTORIOGRAFIA ROMÂNEASCĂ PAȘOPTISTĂ
(Institutul de istorie, 2022) Bobână, Gheorghe
In the first half of the 19th century, fundamental cultural, political and economic changes took place in the Romanian Principalities. At the cultural level, mentalities, political and philosophical conceptions have changed, there has been a transition from religious thinking to rationalistic, modern thinking. Cultural emancipation was seen as a condition of political and economic emancipation. Decisive for the foundation of the new culture and for the formation of new mentalities were the research of history, traditions and popular culture, the study of the language, the analysis of the particular political and social conditions in which the Romanian people evolved. This issue was also reflected in the level of political and historical thinking, in the systems of ideas that Romanian thinkers built. The evolution of political thought and institutions in the first half of the 19th century expressed the tendency to democratize and adapt liberal principles to domestic conditions.
FABRICA DE BERE A LUI MEER BRESTECICO DIN ORAŞUL BĂLŢI
(2023) Poştarencu, Dinu
Studiul valorifică surse de arhivă şi presa timpului privind dezvoltarea industriei de fabricare a berii în Basarabia, în primele decenii ale secolului al XX-lea. Primele atestări datează cu anul 1901 şi se referă la existența în Basarabia a şapte fabrici de bere: trei – în oraşul Hotin, una – în oraşul Soroca, două – în oraşul Chişinău şi una – în oraşul Bender. În raportul guvernatorului Basarabiei pentru 1904, se accentuează preponderenţa numărului fabricilor de bere în zona de nord a provinciei, iar în 1905, pe lângă cele şapte existente este înregistrată o fabrică de bere la Bălţi. În 1909, pe teritoriul Basarabiei activau deja 11 fabrici de bere, inclusiv prezenţa unei întreprinderi noi, deschisă în oraşul Bălţi, al cărei proprietar era Meer Brestecico. Cercetarea prezintă aspecte importante din istoria interbelică a Fabricii de Bere a lui Meer Brestecico din oraşul Bălţi, până în momentul confiscării întreprinderii de către statul sovietic, în perioada 1940–1941.
VALAHIA MICĂ ȘI VALAHIA MARE LA EST DE CARPAȚI (SEC. XII-XIV)
(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Chirtoagă, Ion
In the XIIth-XIVth centuries, there was a Romanian state formation, called by neighbors of the Brodnics, Berladnics, etc., on the lower courses of Siret and Prut. It was called Black Wallachia (Little) in oriental sources. In the northwest of the Carpathian-Dniester space, there was a Romanian state formation, named in the second half of the XIVth century Great Wallachia. In 1383-1386, the Principality of Moldova was formed through the unification of Cetatea Albă, Vrancea and Dorohoi to the east of the Carpathians.
DIPLOMAȚIA FANARIOȚILOR (1711-1821)
(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Mischevca, Vlad
The Phanariot princes, as in the previous era of autochthonous reigns, had diplomatic agents at the Sublime Porte (Capukehai) and benefited from the same ceremonial forms. Thus, throughout the period of the Phanariot reigns (1711-1821), the Romanian Principalities, through their diplomatic agents from Constantinople, who performed the function of representatives of the voivode with diplomatic envoy status, accredited by the Ottoman authorities (Grand vizier), affirmed their status autonomous within the Ottoman Empire. The increase in the importance of the Capukechais during the Phanariot reigns was manifested by the increase in their number, their influence in the Principality and their importance in the diplomatic world of Constantinople. To obtain the desired status, that of voivode (hospodar) or dragoman and to be able to keep it for as long as possible, the Phanariot families had to wage a permanent struggle, by all means to annihilate their opponents, Phanariot’s like themselves. During this period, the history of the foreign policy of Moldova and Wallachia is, in fact, the history of the ties and political relations between the families of the Phanariot princes and the Great European Powers - relationships, which were often hidden, being much more complex and with multivalent implications in the politics of the era than believed.
PROFESORUL NAUM A. NARȚOV (1894–1978) SAU ITINERARUL UNUI ISTORIC AVENTURIER
(CEP USM, 2023) Dragnev, Demir; Xenofontov, Ion Valer
Pe baza izvoarelor istorice inedite se prezintă aspecte din biografia privată, didactică și științifică a lui Naum Arianovici Narțov, primul doctor (habilitat) în istorie, profesor universitar din RSS Moldovenească. Având o biografie creată în autonomia moldovenească din stânga Nistrului și o activitate formată în refugiu în anii celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial, protagonistul articolului de față prezenta semnalmentele unui personaj „de perspectivă” în epocă. A activat ca șef al Catedrei de istorie a popoarelor din URSS și al Catedrei de istorie a Moldovei a Facultății de Is- torie a Institutului Pedagogic din Chișinău și ca șef al Secției de istorie a Moldovei la Institutul de Istorie, Limbă și Literatură a Bazei Moldovenești a Academiei de Științe a URSS. A elaborat proiectul primului manual de istorie a Moldovei. Cariera sa a fost însă rapid mușamalizată și compromisă, în mare parte din cauza campaniilor ideologice staliniste ale vremii, a „descoperirii” că „regele e gol” și a factorului subiectiv, care nu a umbrit scenariul profesional al acestui aventurier de epocă.
PROIECTE DE COOPERARE POLITICO-MILITARĂ ȘI REALIZAREA LOR LA NORD DE DUNĂRE (1444–1456)
(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Constantinov, Valentin
The political advance of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans was certainly a great challenge for the Christian powers of Europe. It was the first time that Christendom was basically on the defensive in front of a military colossus that announced its supremacy in the Balkans, but also on the entire old continent. It was at that time that the unparalleled personality of Iancu de Hunedoara emerged north of the Danube. Through energetic actions he tried to impose his will north of the Danube. However, the creation of a confederation under his leadership that would actively participate in anti-Ottoman military operations came up against, on the one hand, the political choices of the extra-Carpathian Romanian countries and, on the other, the intentions of the Polish royalty to maintain their influence in Moldavia. This was one of the main causes of the crisis in Moldavia before Stephen the Great took the throne.
MEDICINA ȘI SISTEMUL DE SĂNĂTATE PUBLICĂ DIN BASARABIA LA ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL XX-LEA. CARACTERISTICI, REALIZĂRI ȘI INCONSECVENȚE
(Bons Offices, 2023) Eţco, Diana