O NOUĂ VIZIUNE ASUPRA INCRIMINĂRII FAPTEI DE VÂNAT ILEGAL SĂVÂRȘITE CU FOLOSIREA SITUAȚIEI DE SERVICIU
Date
2017
Authors
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
CEP USM
Abstract
Prezenta investigație se axează pe analiza Proiectului nr.2854/2016, dar și a art.233 CP RM. Analiza efectuată demonstrează prezența unor imperfecțiuni atât în art.233 CP RM, cât și în Proiectul nr.2854/2016. Se relevă că, în contextul infracțiunii prevăzute la art.233 CP RM, ipoteza folosirii situației de serviciu ar putea îndeplini doar rolul de circumstanță
agravantă. Or, funcția unei circumstanțe agravante este de a diferenția răspunderea penală. Ipoteza folosirii situației de serviciu presupune prezența unui subiect special:
persoana cu funcţie de răspundere sau persoana care gestionează o
organizaţie comercială, obştească sau altă organizaţie nestatală. În prezența celorlalte ipoteze prevăzute în dispoziția art.233 CP RM subiectul nu posedă o calitate specială. Spre deosebire de o persoană oarecare, persoana cu funcţie de
răspundere sau persoana care gestionează o organizaţie comercială, obştească saualtă organizaţie nestatală poate crea mai ușor condițiile ce ar facilita
săvârșirea infracțiunii de vânat ilegal. În afară de aceasta, săvârșind infracțiunea de
vânat ilegal cu folosirea situației de serviciu, persoana cu funcţie de răspundere sau persoana care gestionează o organizaţie comercială, obştească sau altă organizaţie nestatală abuzează de încrederea pe care i-a acordat-o statul sau
organizația nestatală. În mod regretabil, legiuitorul a ignorat toate aceste argumente, echivalând în art.233 CP RM gradul de pericol social al
ipotezei de folosire a situației de serviciu cu gradul de pericol social al celorlate ipoteze
prevăzute de acest articol. Proiectul nr.2854/2016 nu are menirea să repare această imperfecțiune a art.233 CP RM. Eventuala adoptare a acestui proiectar genera pericolul unei interpretări neuniforme a art.233 CP RM, ceea ce ar putea duce la erori grave în practica judiciară. În scopul perfecționării legii penale, studiul de față se încheie cu formularea unei recomandări de lege ferenda.
This investigation is dedicated to the analysis of the Draft Law No.2854/2016, as well as of art.233 PC RM. As a result of the analysis there were discovered a series of flawsin both art.233 PC RM and the Draft Law No.2854/2016. It is established that, with regard to the offence referred to in art.233 PC RM, the hypothesis of misuse of position could act only as an aggravating circumstance. Either, the role of the aggravating circumstances is to differentiate the penal liability. Or, the hypothesis of misuse of position requires the presence of a special subject: the person in a position of responsibility or the per-governmental organization.With regard to the other hypotheses set forth by the provision of art.233 PC RM, in those cases the subject does not have a special quality. Unlike an ordinary person, the person in a position of responsibility or the person who manages a commercial, public or other non-governmental organization could much more easily create the conditions that would facilitate the perpetration of the offence of illegal hunting. In addition, by perpetrating the offence of illegal hunting by misuse of position, the person in a position of responsibility or the person who manages a commercial, public or other non-gover-nmental organization, abuses the trust bestowed in him/her by the state or the non-governmental organization.Regrettably, with regard to the hypotheses set forth by the provision of art.233 PC RM,the legislature has ignored all thesearguments and considered the level of social danger posted by the hypothesis of misuse of position as equivalent to the level of social danger posted by the other hypotheses of thearticle. Draft Law No.2854/2016 is not intended to fix this flaw of art.233 PC RM. Theeventual adoption of the draft law in question would entail a future precedent of inconsistent interpretations of art.233 PC RM, which could lead to grave judicial errors in the judicial practice. To improve the penal law, this study concludes with the formulation of suggestions of a ferenda law.
This investigation is dedicated to the analysis of the Draft Law No.2854/2016, as well as of art.233 PC RM. As a result of the analysis there were discovered a series of flawsin both art.233 PC RM and the Draft Law No.2854/2016. It is established that, with regard to the offence referred to in art.233 PC RM, the hypothesis of misuse of position could act only as an aggravating circumstance. Either, the role of the aggravating circumstances is to differentiate the penal liability. Or, the hypothesis of misuse of position requires the presence of a special subject: the person in a position of responsibility or the per-governmental organization.With regard to the other hypotheses set forth by the provision of art.233 PC RM, in those cases the subject does not have a special quality. Unlike an ordinary person, the person in a position of responsibility or the person who manages a commercial, public or other non-governmental organization could much more easily create the conditions that would facilitate the perpetration of the offence of illegal hunting. In addition, by perpetrating the offence of illegal hunting by misuse of position, the person in a position of responsibility or the person who manages a commercial, public or other non-gover-nmental organization, abuses the trust bestowed in him/her by the state or the non-governmental organization.Regrettably, with regard to the hypotheses set forth by the provision of art.233 PC RM,the legislature has ignored all thesearguments and considered the level of social danger posted by the hypothesis of misuse of position as equivalent to the level of social danger posted by the other hypotheses of thearticle. Draft Law No.2854/2016 is not intended to fix this flaw of art.233 PC RM. Theeventual adoption of the draft law in question would entail a future precedent of inconsistent interpretations of art.233 PC RM, which could lead to grave judicial errors in the judicial practice. To improve the penal law, this study concludes with the formulation of suggestions of a ferenda law.
Description
Keywords
vânat ilegal, folosirea situației de serviciu, persoană cu funcție de răspundere, llegal hunting, misuse of position, the person in a position of responsibility
Citation
BRÎNZA,Sergiu, MANEA, Vladislav. O nouă viziune asupra incriminării faptei de vânat ilegal săvârșite cu folosirea situației de serviciu. În: Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Ştiinţe sociale. Sociologie. Asistenţă Socială. Drept. Ştiinţe Politice. Revistă ştiinţifică. 2017, nr. 3(103), pp. 57-63.ISSN 1814-3199.