Elementele constitutive şi elementele circumstanţiale agravante ale infracţiunilor contra patrimoniului militar [Articol]
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Articolul de faţă este dedicat analizei juridico-penale a infracţiunilor contra patrimoniului militar, prevăzute la art.379-381 CP RM. Sunt examinate elementele constitutive (obiectul, latura obiectivă, latura subiectivă şi subiectul), precum şi elementele circumstanţiale agravante ale acestor infracţiuni. Sunt propuse criterii de delimitare a infracţiunilor specificate la art.379-381 CP RM în raport cu faptele conexe de factură penală sau nepenală. Printre aspectele de noutate ale studiului de faţă trebuie remarcată revizuirea concepţiei de identificare a variantelor-tip şi a variantelor agravate în cazul infracţiunilor prevăzute la art.379 CP RM. În rezultatul analizei efectuate se ajunge la concluzia că, datorită specificului lor, infracţiunile contra patrimoniului militar nu au victimă. De asemenea, se stabileşte că infracţiunile prevăzute la art.379-381 CP RM sunt săvârşite pe calea acţiunii (şi) sau inacţiunii. Se aratăcă, de cele mai dese ori, infracţiunile contra patrimoniului militar au o factură materială. Doar în situaţia infracţiunii prevăzute la alin.(1) art.381 CP RM se atestă existenţa semnelor atât ale unei infracţiuni materiale, cât şi ale unei infracţiuni formale. Se relevă că timpul de război este un semn secundar obligatoriu al laturii obiective în ipoteza infracţiunilor specificate la lit.a) alin.(3) art.379, lit.a) alin.(2) art.380, lit.a) alin.(2) şi lit.a) alin.(4) art.381 CP RM. Se stabileşte că ambianţa infracţiunii (şi anume – condiţiile de luptă) constituie un semn secundar obligatoriu al laturii obiective în cazul infracţiunilor prevă zute la lit.b) alin.(3) art.379,lit.b) alin.(2) art.380, lit.b) alin.(2) şi lit.b) alin.(4) art.381 CP RM. Se arată că infracţiunea specificată la art.380 CP RM este săvârşită din imprudenţă. În situaţii de altă natură, făptuitorul manifestă intenţie sau imprudenţă faţă de fapta rejudiciabilă şi numai imprudenţă în raport cu urmările prejudiciabile (de exemplu, în cazul infracţiunilor prevăzute la alin.(1) art.381 (în ipoteza pierderii sau deteriorării echipamentului care i-a fost eliberat făptuitorului pentru folosinţă personală, în urma încălcării regulilor de păstrare) şi la alin.(3) art.381 CP RM). În celelalte cazuri, infracţiunile contra patrimoniului militar sunt săvârşite cu intenţie. În fine, se relevă că subiectul infracţiunilor contra patrimoniului militar este persoana fizică responsabilă care la momentul săvârşirii infracţiunii a atins vârsta de 18 ani şi care are calitatea specială de militar.
This article is dedicated to the legal-penal analysis of the offences against the military patrimony, referred to at art.379-381 PC RM. There are examined the constituent elements (the object, objective side, subjective side and the subject), as well as the circumstantial aggravating elements of the offences in question. Additionally, there are recomended delimitation criteria with regard to the relation between the offences specified in art.379-381 PC RM and the related penal or non-penal acts. Among the novelty attributes brought to the table by this study, it is worth mentioning the reviewing of the identification procedure of the original forms and the aggravated forms of the offences specified in art.379 PC RM. As a result of this analysis, it is concluded that due to their specific character, the offences against the military patrimony don’t possess a victim. It is also established that the offences under art.379-381 PC RM are committed by means of action (and) or inaction. It is shown then that , most often, offences against the military patrimony have a material makeup. Only in the case of the offence specified in par.(1) art.381 PC RM, we can track signs of both material and formal offences. It is revealed that wartime is a compulsory secondary sign of the objective side with regard to the offences under lett. a) par.(3) art.379, lett. a) par.(2) art. 380, lett.a) par.(2) and lett.a) par.(4) art.381 PC RM. Additiona lly, it is established that the environment of the offence (nam ely – the combat conditions) form the compulsory secondary sign of the objective side with regard to the offences under lett.b) par.(3) art.379, lett.b) par.(2) art.380, lett.b) par.(2) and lett.b) par.(4) art.381 PC RM. It is demonstrated that the offence specified in art.380 PC RM is committed under circumstances manifesting recklessness. In some cases, the offender manifests intention or recklessness with regard to the prejudicial act and only recklessness in relation to the prejudicial consequences (for example, in the case of the offences under par.(1) art.381 (if the equipment issued to the offender for personal use was lost or damaged, as a result of not following the maintenance regulations) and par.(3) art.381 PC RM). In other cases, the offences against the military patrimony are committed with intention. Finally but not least important, it is revealed that the subject of the offences against the military patrimony is the accountable natural person who at the time of the offence reached the age of 18 and has the special quality of military representative.
This article is dedicated to the legal-penal analysis of the offences against the military patrimony, referred to at art.379-381 PC RM. There are examined the constituent elements (the object, objective side, subjective side and the subject), as well as the circumstantial aggravating elements of the offences in question. Additionally, there are recomended delimitation criteria with regard to the relation between the offences specified in art.379-381 PC RM and the related penal or non-penal acts. Among the novelty attributes brought to the table by this study, it is worth mentioning the reviewing of the identification procedure of the original forms and the aggravated forms of the offences specified in art.379 PC RM. As a result of this analysis, it is concluded that due to their specific character, the offences against the military patrimony don’t possess a victim. It is also established that the offences under art.379-381 PC RM are committed by means of action (and) or inaction. It is shown then that , most often, offences against the military patrimony have a material makeup. Only in the case of the offence specified in par.(1) art.381 PC RM, we can track signs of both material and formal offences. It is revealed that wartime is a compulsory secondary sign of the objective side with regard to the offences under lett. a) par.(3) art.379, lett. a) par.(2) art. 380, lett.a) par.(2) and lett.a) par.(4) art.381 PC RM. Additiona lly, it is established that the environment of the offence (nam ely – the combat conditions) form the compulsory secondary sign of the objective side with regard to the offences under lett.b) par.(3) art.379, lett.b) par.(2) art.380, lett.b) par.(2) and lett.b) par.(4) art.381 PC RM. It is demonstrated that the offence specified in art.380 PC RM is committed under circumstances manifesting recklessness. In some cases, the offender manifests intention or recklessness with regard to the prejudicial act and only recklessness in relation to the prejudicial consequences (for example, in the case of the offences under par.(1) art.381 (if the equipment issued to the offender for personal use was lost or damaged, as a result of not following the maintenance regulations) and par.(3) art.381 PC RM). In other cases, the offences against the military patrimony are committed with intention. Finally but not least important, it is revealed that the subject of the offences against the military patrimony is the accountable natural person who at the time of the offence reached the age of 18 and has the special quality of military representative.
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BRÎNZA, S. Elementele constitutive şi elementele circumstanţiale agravante ale infracţiunilor contra patrimoniului militar. In: Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Științe sociale: Sociologie. Asistență Socială. Drept. Științe Politice. Revistă științifică. 2016, nr. 3(93), pp.3 - 11