Internal and external balance as a mechanism for the sustainable development of SMEs in the Republic of Moldova [Articol]

Abstract

Purpose of the article: To examine the mechanisms of internal and external balance that ensure the sustainable development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Republic of Moldova. The research highlights how SMEs act as an adaptive link between the internal management system and the external economic environment. Methodology: The study applies systemic and institutional approaches, combining qualitative analysis with statistical data from the National Bureau of Statistics and the Organization for SME Development (ODA). The research identifies both exogenous and endogenous factors that influence the sustainability of SMEs. Conclusions: The findings show that sustainable development is achieved through the interaction of external conditions and internal management mechanisms. SMEs play a stabilizing role in the Moldovan economy by maintaining employment, stimulating innovation, and adapting to market fluctuations. Originality: The article proposes an interpretative model of internal and external equilibrium, illustrating how managerial quality and institutional conditions jointly determine the resilience and long-term sustainability of the SME sector.