Cu cine te aduni, te asemeni: de la sesizari naive şi intervenţii speculative la abordări sistemice [Articol]
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În viaţa de zi cu zi, efectul de similitudine apare atunci când se atestă o identitate sau o mare asemănare între douăsau mai multe persoane. Multiple cercetări sistematice atestă că acest efect are un rol de primă importanţă în producerea afilierilor interumane. Prin mijlocirea lui apar şi se menţin necontenit atracţia interpersonală, simpatia, prietenia, iubirea, solidaritatea de grup. Spunând că afilierile interumane se produc preponderent după criteriul similarităţii, este important să avem în vedere că în practică se întâlnesc mai multe forme ale acesteia. S-a observat, bunăoară, că, de foarte multe ori, contează similaritatea fizică/morfologică (înălţime, talie, culoarea ochilor, form a mâinilor etc.). Sunt numeroase şi cazurile în care contează similaritatea indicatorilor de personalitate (extrovertit-introvertit, inteligenă socioafectivă etc.). În plus, se mai poate vorbi despre similaritatea cognitiv-axiologică (credinţe, atitudini, valori etc.) şi cea construită pe caracteristicile sociale (clasă socială, religie,rasă,etnie,statutsocial etc.). În pofida popularităţii de care se bucură, efectul de similaritate nu poate fi tratat, totuşi, în termeni absoluţi. În aceastăordine de idei, vom reţine, pentru început, că majoritatea covârşitoare a probelor empirice legate de efectul vizat au fost obţinute în condiţii de laborator, ceea ce poate genera probleme de extrapolare la situaţiile din viaţa reală. Mai apoi, nu trebuie să se facă abstracţie de faptul că asemănarea cu anumite persoane nu ne bucură, ci – mai degrabă – ne indispune. Şi, în sfârşit, sunt frecvente situaţiile în care ne simţim atraşi de alţii în virtutea complementarităţii nevoilor, şi nu în cea a potrivirilor de personalitate, de atitudini sau de apartenenţă confesională.
A similarity effect occurs when there has been attested an identity or a great similarity between two or more persons. Multiple systematic research studies have shown that this effect has a highly important role in creating inter-human affiliations. Interpersonal attraction, sympathy, friendship, love, group solidarity appear and are continuously maintained by this effect. In saying that inter-human affiliations are generated mainly on the criterion of similarity, it is important to keep in mind that there are several types of similarity in practice. It has been observed, for instance, that the physiological/ morphological similarity matters very often (height, eye color, shape of hands, etc.). There are also many cases where the person logical similarity matters (extrovert-introvert, social and affective intelligence, etc.). There can also be a cognitive-axiological similarity (beliefs, attitudes, values, etc.) and a sociological similarity (social class, religion, race, ethnicity, social status, etc.). Despite its popularity, the similarity effect cannot be treated, however, in absolute terms. In this context, it should be firstly noted that the greatest majority of the empirical evidence related to this effect, has been obtain ed in laboratory conditions, which can generate problems of extrapolation to situations from real life. Secondly, the fact that the resemblance to certain people does not make us happy, but rather upsets us should not be disregarded. And finally, there are frequent situations where we feel attracted to others by virtue of complementary needs, and not by that of matching personalities, attitudes or religious affiliation.
A similarity effect occurs when there has been attested an identity or a great similarity between two or more persons. Multiple systematic research studies have shown that this effect has a highly important role in creating inter-human affiliations. Interpersonal attraction, sympathy, friendship, love, group solidarity appear and are continuously maintained by this effect. In saying that inter-human affiliations are generated mainly on the criterion of similarity, it is important to keep in mind that there are several types of similarity in practice. It has been observed, for instance, that the physiological/ morphological similarity matters very often (height, eye color, shape of hands, etc.). There are also many cases where the person logical similarity matters (extrovert-introvert, social and affective intelligence, etc.). There can also be a cognitive-axiological similarity (beliefs, attitudes, values, etc.) and a sociological similarity (social class, religion, race, ethnicity, social status, etc.). Despite its popularity, the similarity effect cannot be treated, however, in absolute terms. In this context, it should be firstly noted that the greatest majority of the empirical evidence related to this effect, has been obtain ed in laboratory conditions, which can generate problems of extrapolation to situations from real life. Secondly, the fact that the resemblance to certain people does not make us happy, but rather upsets us should not be disregarded. And finally, there are frequent situations where we feel attracted to others by virtue of complementary needs, and not by that of matching personalities, attitudes or religious affiliation.
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ŞLEAHTIŢCHI, Mihai. Cu cine te aduni, te asemeni: de la sesizari naive şi intervenţii speculative la abordări sistemice. In: Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei: Pedagogie. Psihologie. Revistă științifică. 2012, nr. 9(59). pp.203-215. ISSN 1857-2103.