Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy

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    Situația bisericii Romano-Catolice din spațiul pruto-nistrean în rapoartele împuternicitului pentru problemele cultelor de pe lângă SCN al URSS pentru RSSM (1944-1947)
    (CEP USM, 2024) Gumenâi, Ion
    Materialul propus spre atenția cititorului are ca subiect problema legată de constituirea raporturilor dintre cultul romano-catolic din spațiul pruto-nistrean cu puterea sovietică. Se face o analiză a datelor din ultimii ani ai războiului și primii ani postbelici a situației Bisericii Romano-Catolice din restaurata Republică Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească. Ca sursă principală documentară sunt utilizate documentele emise de către nou creata instituție a împuternicitului pentru problemele cultelor de pe lângă Sovietul Comisarilor Narodnici al URSS pentru URSS, instituție ce a existat între 1944 și 1965. Pe lângă actele cu caracter de instrucție sau dispoziție, ce veneau din partea organelor centrale, rapoartele împuternicitului pentru problemele cultelor conțin și o serie de informații importante precum numărul comunităților romano-catolice, numărul de enoriași, personalitatea feței bisericești ce deservea acest cult etc., care contribuie la reconstituirea istoriei acestui cult într-o perioadă extrem de dificilă. Documentele analizate denotă că la etapa respectivă instituția responsabilă de raporturile dintre diferite culte și stat a avut ca prerogativă luarea la evidență a comunităților romano-catolice, etapă premergătoare și pregătitoare închiderii ulterioare a acestora.
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    ÎNCĂ UN INSTITUT PEDAGOGIC ÎN RSSM. DE CE LA CAHUL?
    (2021) Rotaru, Liliana
    Pe baza documentelor de arhivă nepublicate, autorul restabilește istoria organizării Institutului Pedagogic Cahul, creat la institența perseverentă a autorităților locale din Cahul, stimulată de ambiția de a avea o instituție de învățământ superior în sudul RSSM. Autoritățile de la Chișinău au susținut proiectul autorităților de la Cahul, crezând că vor putea reduce din deficitul cras de învățători pentru școala medie și cea de șapte clase din sudul RSSM.
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    ISTORIA ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNTULUI SUPERIOR ÎN RSS MOLDOVENEASCĂ: BIBLIOGRAFIE
    (Lexon-Prim, 2022)
    Bibliografia este destinată specialiștilor în domeniul istoriei regimurilor totalitare, istoriei RSS Moldovenești, istoriei învățământului și educației, specialiștilor în politici educaționale, personalului științifico-didactic din instituțiile învățământului superior și tuturor celor ce se interesează de mentalități, psihologie istorică, sociologie istorică, politici educaționale și altele.
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    “ATMOSFERA MORALĂ ȘI PSIHOLOGICĂ” ÎN MEDIUL STUDENȚESC ÎN FAZA DE GERMINARE A MIŞCĂRII DE RENAŞTERE NAŢIONALĂ ÎN RSSM
    (2022) Liliana, Rotaru
    The context created by the premises and evolution of the national revival Movement and the delayed restructuring of the Soviet higher education stimulated the civic activism and the involvement of the „easily inflammable collective” of students in the events taking place in the MSSR in the second half of the 80s. Students from higher education institutions of the MSSR initiated actions consistent with the general objectives of perestroika, glasnost and national reawakening even before 1988, only that their actions were small, often singular, and the most resonant were identified and promptly penalized by the “competent bodies”, who monitored the mood of the academic collectives with particular attention. Although they had a complex network of methods and instruments for monitoring the „moral atmosphere and psychology” of the students, towards the end of 1988, the party authorities lost control and the battle for the minds and spirits of the students, they demonstrating civic and political maturity in the events of November 1988.
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    CONSTITUIREA SISTEMULUI DE ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNT SUPERIOR SOVIETIC ÎN RSSM (1940-1941)
    (Muzeul Naţional de Arheologie şi Istorie a Moldovei, 2021) Rotaru, Liliana
    The Sovietization process, initiated after the annexation of Bessarabia and the creation of the MSSR in the summer of 1940, also included the expansion of the Soviet-style education system in the newly acquired territories, including the creation of an impressive number of higher educational institutions. Besides the working high schools in the former territories of MASSR, two pedagogical higher educational institutions, an agricultural institute, and a music high school were created on the right bank of the Dniester, all taking over the patrimony of interwar educational institutions and making use of the Romanian educational traditions. The analysis of the connection between the Soviet propagandistic statements about a “Moldovan” and universal high school, free of charge and the organization of studies in the “mother tongue” and the planning of the Soviet higher institutions according to the realities after the first annexation of Bessarabia, convinced the author of the research about the control of the propaganda and political-ideological elements over the professional elements of the higher education system of the MSSR.
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    O MONEDĂ MACEDONEANĂ DE BRONZ DE LA TUDORA (RAIONUL ŞTEFAN VODĂ)
    (Muzeul Naţional de Arheologie şi Istorie a Moldovei, 2018) Matveev, Sergiu; Boldureanu, Ana;
    In 1958, the Department of Scythian Archaeology of the Moldavian Expedition of the Institute of History and Material Culture and the Moldavian branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the direction of A.I. Meljukova conducted field research in the southern part of the MSSR. On the right bank of the Dniester River, studies were carried out in the area of the Olăneşti and Palanca villages, particularly in the territory of the village of Tudora. As a result, 14 settlements were studied, three of which were of the pre-Scythian time, four attributed to the Scythian period, six to the first centuries of Christianity, and three of the medieval times. The site Tudora I was located at the entrance to the village from Olăneşti and in 1958 was in better state of preservation. There were identified 2 habitation layers – one of the period of the existence of the pre-Scythian fortress and the second of the Roman period. Among the individual finds from this site there is a bronze coin attributed by A.I. Meljukova to the issues of Macedonian King Philip II. On the front side there was an image of the head of the beardless young man (Apollo?), with the hair tied, and on the reverse side - the rider on horse galloping to the right, the legend at the top: ΦΙΛIPΠОΥ, and in the lower part - monogram NE . The ratio of the obverse and the reverse was 45°. 2 Mulţumim pe această cale dlui dr. Ilya Prokopov pentru sfaturile utile. The analysis of the image taken from the original research report shows that the coin from Tudora I belongs to type SG 6696v, whereas items of this type usually have the diameter about 17-18 mm and the weight varying between 5.5 and 7.5 g, and are dated between 359 and 336 BC. We would like to point out that the polis that used the monogram NE was Neonteichos, but it is very unlikely that this town produced bronze imitations of the coins of King Philip II the Macedonian. In the neighboring south Danube areas, this type of coin is well-known, both in Dobrogea, but especially on the territory of Bulgaria. Prof. Ilya Prokopov considers that the respective monogram is rather a combination of letter N and a trident. The authors of this study support the Bulgarian researcher’s opinion. The bronze Macedonian coin presented in the 1958 archaeological report on Tudora (Ştefan Vodă District) is the first such find between the Prut and the Dniester. Unfortunately, the coin itself was not found in any of the museums of the Republic of Moldova. Its fate remains uncertain, with a minimal chance of recovery. The analysis of the image in the photograph allows us to date the coin the second half of the 4th century BC, even near the end of it. The brevity of the text of the report does not allow us to identify other chronological elements, the moment and conditions for the penetration of the coin into the Barbarian World.
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    ÎNCEPUTURILE ARHEOLOGIEI ÎN RSSM
    (Muzeul Naţional de Arheologie şi Istorie a Moldovei, 2016) Matveev, Sergiu
    For several decades after the Second World War the problem of the history of archaeological research is constantly present in the special studies. However, a comprehensive analysis of the history of archeology in the Prut-Dniester space for a long time was not performed. The first work devoted to studies of ancient history and archeology in the period between 1715 and 1945 was carried out by N. Chetraru. The light on the events that took place in the MSSR after the Second World War is shed due to the documents stored in the archives of the Republic of Moldova. In this paper there are presented two important documents: the first one regarding the reforming of the Moldavian Institute of History, Economics, Language and Literature with the creation of a sub-department for History and Archaeology, dated December, 17 1945; the second one is the decision of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Moldavian SSR from December 21, 1945 “On preparation for archaeological research on the territory of the Moldavian SSR in 1946”. According to the latter document, for 1946 the holding of two archaeological investigations along the course of the Middle Dniester and the exploration of seven archaeological sites were planned. Towards this, a well developed budget was proposed, providing tools, instruments and supplies, as well as the creation of a photographic cabinet and its supplying with all the necessary equipment. In the first stage experts from scientific centers of the USSR had to be invited, and then the Institute should prepare local professionals. Several reports from the archive of the National Museum of History of Moldova on the excavations carried out in 1946 bring more detail on the implementation of the decisions of the December 1945. Archaeological research in 1946 began only on June 30 instead of the planned May 1. Of the nine planned works (2 archaeological reconnaissance and excavations at 7 archaeological sites), two archaeological reconnaissance were produced on a modified route and only one tumulus was investigated instead of three as planned. However, the same year several unplanned investigations were carried out. In 1946 field investigations were conducted by experts from the Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, and only since 1947 archaeological excavations