Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy

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    „PRIVILEGIAŢII” ÎN STRUCTURA SOCIALĂ A BASARABIEI (1812–1871)
    (Lexon-Prim, 2023) Tomuleț, Valentin
    In the present study, the author discusses the status of being privileged in Bessarabia after the annexation of this territory to the Russian Empire. Showcasing the boiernași, mazils and ruptasi, the author notes that belonging to the status of the “privileged” was of a hereditary nature. By their very name, the boiernași, as well as the mazils, preserved the “memory of being a boyar” and always opted for maintaining their ancestral privileges, as did the other privileged people. The imperial administration did not approve of these social and fiscal categories of society and granted them privileged status only temporarily, preserving, for a certain period of time, the particularities that existed in Moldova. The tendency to standardize the social structure and liquidate the social conditions specific to the Moldavian society was continuous in the sights of the imperial institutions. In accordance with the Regulation on the rights of belonging to the social estates of the inhabitants of Bessarabia of March 10, 1847, the Tsarist authorities made the Bessarabian boiernași equal in rights with the personal nobles of Russia (if the boiernași did not hold administrative positions, they were passed, compulsorily, in the category of mazils), calling them personal nobles from then on, and the mazils and ruptasi in the category of Russian odnodvortsy.
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    Problema tranziției puterii politice din Bugeac în a doua jumătate a secolului al XIV-lea [Articol]
    (Lexon-Prim, 2023) Bejenaru, Alexandru
    The issue of the political transition of Budjak from the Golden Horde to the Principality of Moldova remains a major topic in modern historiography, showcasing different versions and interpretations of the events that took place in the second half of 14th century. In the present study, a new vision is proposed based on the reevaluation of the plausible chronological interval of the withdrawal of the Tatar forces from the south of the Pruto-Dniester interfluve and the reinterpretation of the dating and origins of the List of Russian Cities, Far and Near, placing the moment of the transition of power in Budjak between the years 1369-1374, during the reign of Lațcu, prince of Moldavia.
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    CAMPANIA DIN 1595 A LUI JAN ZAMOYSKI ÎN MOLDOVA: TENDINȚE ÎN ISTORIOGRAFIA POLONEZĂ CONTEMPORANĂ
    (CEP USM, 2014) Cheptene, Ion
    At the end of the 16th century, following the Polish campaign and the installation of Ieremia Movilă on the throne of Moldova, we witness an attempt by Moldovan and Polish diplomacy to negotiate a change in the political and legal status of Moldova initiated by political proposals directed by Voievod and boyars to the King of Poland on August 27, 1595. The activity of hetman Jan Zamoyski in Moldavia is an object of interest for contemporary Polish historiography because the military campaign and political actions promoted by Grand Chancellor Zamoyski in Moldavia was appreciated by contemporaries as a skilled military, political and diplomatic activity in order to install the suzerainty of the Polish crown over the Principality of Moldova. Obviously, such an episode in the history of Moldovan-Polish bilateral political relations provoked the interest of Polish historians for the activity of the hetman of the Polish сrown in the Principality of Moldavia in 1595. In this communication we follow the reflection of the essence of the contemporary tendencies of the Polish historiography in analyze and interpret this episode from the activity of the hetman Jan Zamoyski.
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    RELAŢIILE MOLDO-POLONE DIN TIMPUL DOMNIEI LUI ŞTEFĂNIŢĂ VODĂ (1517-1527) ÎN ISTORIOGRAFIA POLONEZĂ CONTEMPORANĂ
    (CEP USM, 2021) Cheptene, Ion
    The relations between the Principality of Moldavia and the Kingdom of Poland within the chronological limits 1517-1527 are marked by bilateral political problems. The territorial issue and the evolution of the international political framework in South-Eastern Europe caused, after a short period of friendship, the deterioration of Moldovan-Polish political relations. Polish historians who showed a keen interest in analyzing the activity of prominent figures who influenced bilateral political relations have long avoided paying attention to Stefanita voda, his role being partially overshadowed by other Moldovan lords who captured the attention of Polish historiography. That aspect is due to the lack in the Polish historical environment of a comprehensive approach to Moldovan-Polish political relations. Lately, the personality of the lord has re-entered the attention of Polish historiography through the historian Patryk Koziel. This communication tends to determine the way in which Polish historians appreciate and treat the personality of the Moldavian lord, his Polish policy, and his role for the political evolution of Southeast Europe in the first half of the sixteenth century.
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    STEMA ȚĂRII MOLDOVEI: CAP DE BOUR SAU CAP DE ZIMBRU?
    (Biblioteca Științifică Centrală„Andrei Lupan”, 2019) Bercu, Igor
    The heraldic coat of arms of the Principality of Moldavia represents a plastic composition of the historical past. The central element of this heraldic ensemble is the head of an aurochs. The contradictory historiographical discussions regarding the taurine species from the coat of arms of the Principality of Moldavia have started since the end of the 19th century. Research of the oldest sources of a fragmentary nature, monetary testimonies, manuscripts, chronicles, various documents attesting to the existence of such heraldic compositions proves that once the state independence of the Principality of Molda- via is obtained the head of an aurochs became the main element of the coat of arms. Throughout, the image of the taurine changes and depicts a transitional form, from an aurochs to a bull. In the nineteenth century there were important changes in the representation of the heraldic image, the head of the aurochs being transformed into a bull head on the royal seals of the Principality of Moldavia.
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    COMPONENTA CONFLICTUALĂ A RAPORTURILOR ECONOMICE DINTRE ŢARA MOLDOVEI ŞI POLONIA (A DOUA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI XVIII)
    (CEP USM, 2016) Arapu, Valentin
    Problema privind componenta conflictuală a raporturilor economice dintre Ţara Moldovei şi Polonia în a doua jumătate a secolului XVIII include litigiile comerciale, conflictele de la frontieră, condiţionate de tendinţele ambelor părţi de a controla punctele nemijlocite de trecere, implicit podurile şi punctele vamale. Promovarea politicilor protecţioniste prin prohibirea unor produse şi mărfuri ducea la tensionarea relaţiilor moldo-polone.
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    MOSCHEI TRANSFORMATE ÎN BISERICI ORTODOXE DUPĂ ANEXAREA BASARABIEI LA IMPERIUL RUS
    (CEP USM, 2015) Bercu, Igor
    Sfârşitul secolului XVIII – începutul secolului al XIX-lea a fost marcat de o largă confruntare de forţe şi interese ale marilor puteri în sud-estul Europei. Un rol important în aceste confruntări l-au jucat Imperiul Otoman şi Imperiul Rus. Războiului ruso-turc din 1806-1812 s-a încheiat cu semnarea Păcii de la Bucureşti, în mai 1812. Ca urmare a acestui tratat, teritoriul de est al Moldovei, numit în Iaşi teritoriul „dincolo de Prut”, a fost anexat de către Imperiul ţarist. Noua administraţie a luat o serie de măsuri care au avut ca scop consolidarea administraţiei ţariste în noul teritoriu dobândit. O parte importantă din teritoriul anexat anterior a aparţinut aşa-numitului guvernământ otoman – „r0”, adică teritoriu administrat direct de către Istanbul, care a fost înfiinţată în Moldova în timpul secolului al XV-lea – începutul secolului XVIII. Printre problemele majore ce urmau a fi soluţionate de către administraţia ţaristă a fost şi problema statutului aşanumitelor proprietăţi musulmane, care au fost înfiinţate pe teritoriul unităţilor administrative otomane de-a lungul secolelor. Metodele folosite au fost simple, dar foarte eficiente. Deoarece populaţia aproape în întregime musulmană a părăsit teritoriul după 1812, moscheile au fost transformate în biserici ortodoxe cu aprobarea înaltului cler şi a autorităţilor civile ţariste. Pe 21 august 1813 Decretul ţarului Alexandru I a oficializat existenţa „Arhiepiscopiei Chişinăului şi Hotinului”, care a legalizat transformarea moscheilor în biserici creştine ortodoxe, aceasta din urmă fiind una dintre principalele metode de a impune dominaţia spirituală rusă în Basarabia.