Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy
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Item REGELE MIHAI I ȘI BASARABIA, O VIZIUNE ASUPRA VIITORULUI. DECLARAȚII ȘI DOCUMENTE DIN PERIOADA EXILULUI REGAL, 1989-1993(2024) Padurean, BiancaArticolul relevă pozițiile publice ale Regelui Mihai I, aflat în exil, față de Basarabia, așa cum reies ele din interviuri, documente, declarații publice, scrisori deschise și mesaje adresate românilor, în diferite circumstanțe. În realizarea acestui studiu au fost analizate atât documente edite (mesaje publice ale Regelui Mihai I, pub- licate în diferite cărți de interviuri sau memorialistice despre rege, articole de ziare care reproduceau aceste mesaje, alte articole care vorbeau despre acțiunile publice regale), cât și documente inedite, cum ar fi corespondența dintre Regele Mihai și unul dintre cei mai importanți lideri ai românilor din exil, Ion Rațiu, sau extrase din dosarul de urmărire informativă a Regelui Mihai I, de către Securitate, aflate în Arhivele Consiliului Național de Studiere a arhivelor Securității din România. Perioada studiată este 1989-1993, în care regele a făcut multe declarații publice legate de Basarabia, pe care n-a uitat-o niciodată. Temele abordate în comunicarea publică sunt legate de Pactul Ribbentrop-Molotov și efectele acestuia, exodul tinerilor, libertatea de a vota și de a-și hotărî singuri soarta, respec- tarea democrației întru totul, dar și problema transnistreană. Regele analizează lucid situația Basarabiei și vorbea despre integrare europeană cu mult înainte ca Republica Moldova să se înscrie, efectiv, pe acest drum. Studiul arată aplecarea regelui asupra problemei basarabene, vizionarismul său în ceea ce privește parcursul european și diplomația, dar și fermitatea cu care spune adevărurile istorice și analizează efectele acestora în prezent.Item „PRIVILEGIAŢII” ÎN STRUCTURA SOCIALĂ A BASARABIEI (1812–1871)(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, the author discusses the status of being privileged in Bessarabia after the annexation of this territory to the Russian Empire. Showcasing the boiernași, mazils and ruptasi, the author notes that belonging to the status of the “privileged” was of a hereditary nature. By their very name, the boiernași, as well as the mazils, preserved the “memory of being a boyar” and always opted for maintaining their ancestral privileges, as did the other privileged people. The imperial administration did not approve of these social and fiscal categories of society and granted them privileged status only temporarily, preserving, for a certain period of time, the particularities that existed in Moldova. The tendency to standardize the social structure and liquidate the social conditions specific to the Moldavian society was continuous in the sights of the imperial institutions. In accordance with the Regulation on the rights of belonging to the social estates of the inhabitants of Bessarabia of March 10, 1847, the Tsarist authorities made the Bessarabian boiernași equal in rights with the personal nobles of Russia (if the boiernași did not hold administrative positions, they were passed, compulsorily, in the category of mazils), calling them personal nobles from then on, and the mazils and ruptasi in the category of Russian odnodvortsy.Item POLITICI IMPERIALE PROMOVATE ÎN SCOPUL DISCIPLINĂRII ŞI UNIFORMIZĂRII SOCIETĂŢII NOBILIARE BASARABENE(2019) Gherasim, CristinaLa disciplinerité represente le phénomène qui aimpliqué la mise en place d’un dispositif complexe de réorganisations, de la discipline et de l’éducation des émotions, de la morale, de valeurs et des comportements despersonnes et il a eu un rôle important dans le développement de la civilisation européen. Cela represente généralement une série d’activité successive des rois, de l’état et d’autres tribunaux tels que l’église et l’école pour contrôler,discipliner et éduquer former soialement les populations du ontinent européen. Il convient de mentionner que le processus de discipline de la société noble s’est également déroulé et dans la Russie tsariste, en particulier à partir des rigueurs encore imposées du temps du tsar Pierre I-er, complétées par d’autres lois faisant référence aux modèles mondains et quotidiens de dvorenim. Après l’annexion de la Bessarabie à l’empire russe, l’administration tsariste, en train de créer une base sociale fidèle en la personne du boyarisme indigène, a promu diverses politiques visant à uniformiser et discipliner l’élite locale. Ces politiques ont été mises en œuvre grâce à un système élaboré par des réglementations ciblant à la fois le statut socio-politique et économique, ainsi que la formation, les promotions (décorations, récompenses, diplômes et grades), les médias et les actions publiquesItem SURSELE ISTORICE ÎN STUDIEREA MENTALITĂȚII NOBILIMII DIN BASARABIA ÎN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA(2018) Gherasim, CristinaThe article based on specialised literature analyses issues connected to the research sources of the mentality of bassarabian nobility. Starting from the ideea that mentality is a result of a long history developement, comprising a system of all from of collective events conscious and subconscious (atti tudes, behavior, visions of life, religion, time, location, identity, myth, symbols, utopia). To study the topic we must use all existing historical resources, official documents issued by administration, as well as literary work and private correspondence, furniture and clothing, parks and homes, leasure activities, music etc. Only by having done an extensive study of all mentioned aspects we could have a real and complete image of the nobility of Bassarabia from in the XIXth centry.Item IMAGINARUL IDENTITĂȚII ȘI ALTERITĂȚII ÎN MEDIUL NOBILIMII DIN BASARABIA ÎN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA(2017) Gherasim, CristinaThe Bessarabian nobility got actively involved in the tsarist administrative system in order to benefit from the rights and privileges of this specific social category, but it also reserved its national identity. This fact is confirmed by the archival data, writings, notes and comments of the domestic and foreign contemporaries. The manifestation of national identity was realized by: keeping the old titulature; the use of signatures in Moldavian pa- leography; endless conflicts with the representatives of imperial administration and tsarist army; negative attitude towards the allogeneous employment in various social and political fields; the fight for the domestic legislation, the language, Romanian customs and traditions; communication in the Romanian language; listening to the fiddler music etc. So, the nobility had an important role in the process of promotion of national identity and consciousness; the villagers preserved the Romanian ethos but the nobility rose up personalities: who boosted the unity with the motherland Romania, who proved Latin and Romanian character in Bessarabia, that its true language is Romanian and the history is common with the one of Principality of Moldavia before the annexationItem RECENSĂMÂNTUL FISCAL DIN 1835 – SURSĂ IMPORTANTĂ ÎN STUDIEREA STĂRILOR SOCIALE PRIVILEGIATE DIN BASARABIA (Exemplul boiernaşilor)(2020) Tomuleț, ValentinÎn studiul de față, bazat pe un bogat material de fapt, autorul analizează două tipuri de surse istorice în studierea problemelor demografice și socio-economice ale Basarabiei în epoca modernă - recensămintele (în special recensămintele fiscale) și statisticile oficiale ruse de către instituțiile guvernamentale locale / județene sau centrale / regionale). Autorul constată că cercetarea istorică a istoricului / cercetătorului se bazează pe diverse surse istorice, pe baza cărora analizează întrebarea, recensămintele și statisticile sunt surse importante în studiul istoriei Basarabiei.Item NOBILI DIN ŢINUTUL HOTIN ÎN STATISTICA RUSĂ DIN 1820(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich factual material, the author analyzes Russian statistics from 1820 as a source in the study of various demographic problems that occurred in Bessarabia in the first decades after annexation. The author ascertains that in the scientific research in the field of historical sciences, the historian/researcher uses different categories of historical sources, based on which he analyzes the question; the statistic is an important source in studying the history of different social categories, including the nobility .Item RECENSĂMINTELE ŞI STATISTICA OFICIALĂ RUSĂ – SURSE IMPORTANTE PENTRU STUDIEREA PROCESELOR DEMOGRAFICE ŞI SITUAŢIEI SOCIAL-ECONOMICE A BASARABIEI ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich factual material, the author analyzes two types of historical sources in studying of demographic and socio-economic problems of Bessarabia in the modern era - censuses (especially tax censuses) and official Russian statistics (perfected by local district / county or central / regional government institutions). The author ascertains that the historical research of the historian / researcher is based on various historical sources, on the basis of which he analyzes the question, censuses and statistics are important sources in the study of the history of Bessarabia.Item STATISTICA RUSĂ DIN 1820 CA IZVOR ÎN STUDIEREA ŞLEAHTICILOR POLONEZI DIN ŢINUTUL HOTIN(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinThe statistics, dating from 1820, include 145 unpublished documents (in fact, 145 localities from the Hotin land), presented by the Ispravnic of Hotin Land to Regional Government of Bessarabia. The material provides valuable information for the detailed knowledge of the situation of the localities of Hotin Land at that time. Statistics assesses with high accuracy and rigor the number of taxpayers’ families at the time of statistics, the number of nobles and religious faces, and contained detailed information on the total number of males and females in each locality, including males according to category of age. The statistics also contain a special section for females, which included: widows, girls and wives. A diffi cult moment in the analysis of this document is that the statistics contain information only for 145 rural localities. Information is missing for 73 localities, including the town of Hotin and some fairs. More detailed research shows that, in fact, there are missing data for 3 surrounding: Lower Dniester, with 22 localities; Ciuhur, with 25 localities and the Rashkov, with 21 localities. In addition, the statistics from 1820 do not contain information about 5 localities from Soroca land, 3 hamlets from Iasi land and 76 remaining localities from Hotin land, according to the administrativeterritorial division of 1818. The statistics of 1820 are deposited in the Fund of the Regional Bessarabian Government of the National Archives of the Republic of Moldova and have not been published until now. According to data in the statistics of 1820, representatives of Polish szlachta were present in the villages of Sauca and Noua-Suliţa (10 persons), Mărcăuţi (5 persons), Irstov/Otaci (4 persons) and Teleşeu (3 persons). Certainly, some Polish representatives of Polish szlachta lived in the Hotin town and the missing localities, about which, with regret, the statistics from 1820 do not have information. The analysis of the factual material present in the statistics of 1820 allows us to conclude that statistical information exerts a major impact on the understanding the processes occurring in the economic and social life of society, off ers the possibility to know with certain accuracy what happened within a certain period of time and outlines quantifi able assessments on the general development trends of the land and of the region as compared to the previous periods.Item MAZILI ȘI RUPTAȘI (ȘI ALTE CATEGORII SOCIALE) ÎN STATISTICA RECENSĂMÂNTULUI POPULAȚIEI DIN 1817(2017) Tomuleț, ValentinAt the time of annexation of Bessarabia to the Russian Empire, the Russian imperial institutions lacked concrete and reliable information on the number of people in the newly annexed province. The lack of statistical data for the entire province was also a problem for the regional administration, recently established in Chisinau, which for various reasons needed these data and constantly informed the imperial authorities about it. The population census became possible only in 1816-1817, when a number of concrete measures were taken in Bessarabia to establish an interim administration, to form of the first administrative and police institutions of power and some changes were made in the territorial administrative and customs and sanitary quarantine systems. In addition, the population had experienced the new regime of domination, the outflow of the population from the province to Moldova over the Prut was partially reduced, and the imperial administration was able to collect the first statistical data on the new annexed province. The results of the population census of 1817 were published in full in Russian, in 1907 by the historian I.N. Halippa, secretary of the Bessarabian Provincial Scientific Archival Committee. Subsequently, in 1920, the census was reproduced, this time in a more concise form, by Tudor Pamfile (only for the Hotin County), in 1929 – by professor of theology and history Constantin N. Tomescu, and in 1933 it was systematized by T. Porucic. The census forms contained the following components: 1. the name of districts and localities; 2. the economic situation of villages according to the category: a) good state, b) middle state (satisfactory), c) insufficient state (unsatisfactory); 3. statistics of the clergy: priests and their widows, deacons and their widows, church clerks and their widows, psalm readers and their widows, and vergers and their widows; 4. mazili and their widows; 5. ruptaşi and their widows; 6. statistics of lower social states: peasants (householders or “tax-paying householders”) and their widows, bachelors and hirelings, forgiven or scutelnici (in this category were included also “servants and servants supervisors, millers, beekeepers, foresters, shepherds and servants in households of estates owners”); 7. The total number of male households; 8. The total number of female households (widows); 9. additional information (which was not always filled in) – to whom belonged the estate of the village (the estate owner’s name), its surface according to the purpose of use – hayfield, plowing area, grassland, forests, and finally – useful buildings; sometimes we find data on old villages, which subsequently disappeared and were forgotten, and the distance between neighboring villages in versts. Statistics from 1817 attests that from the total number of 92 946 households, to mazili belonged 2370 (2.5%) households, to ruptaşi – 717 (0.8%), and to rupta de visterie and rupta de camara – 230 (0.2%) households. Most households of mazili were registered in Orhei county – 1386 (58.5%), followed by Iasi county – 464 (19.6%), Soroca county – 194 (8.2%), Hotin county – 82 (3.5 %), Bender county – 121 (5.1%), Ismail county – 74 (3.1%), Codru county – 46 (1.9), and Greceni county – 3 (0.1%) households. The Orhei County also prevailed in regard to ruptaşi: 512 (71.4%) – ruptaşi and 209 (90.9%) – rupta de visterie and rupta de camara.