Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy
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Item BASARABIA LA 1828: PROCESE DEMOGRAFICE, STRUCTURI SOCIALE ŞI CONFESIUNI RELIGIOASE (Descrisă într-un memoriu prezentat instituţiilor imperiale ruse) (Partea I)(CEP USM, 2022) Tomuleț, ValentinThe author analyzes a memorandum from 1828, kept in the Chancellery Fund of the governor of Bessarabia (ANRM, F. 2, inv. 1, d. 1199, f. 1-69 verse), presented by the regional institutions of the imperial administration of St. Petersburg, after the suppression of the limited temporary autonomy of Bessarabia, based on the Regulation of February 29, 1828. The memorandum, which includes several tables describing the economic, social and religious situation of Bessarabia in 1828, is accompanied by a rather detailed commentary on the tables, which is more like a report, which the regional institutions presented annually at Petersburg starting with 1842 (at the beginning the data referring to the population included information for entire Bessarabia, and starting with 1847 – for each county center and for every county). The memorandum includes data on the area of the counties, the total number of the population divided by sex, social categories (nobles, clergy, peasants, members of szlachta, foreign colonists, the poor), the number of houses, in addition to those in urban areas included in this statistic, the number of localities in each county, depending on the number of houses (households), the surface of arable land, pastures, forests etc. Of particular interest are the compartments dedicated to the state of cities, different branches of rural and urban households: animal husbandry, agricultural development, handicrafts and various craft branches, factories and plants, internal and external trade, the moral character of the population, denominations. Quite valuable are the detailed comments (69 pages written on both sides) with reference to the 10 tables, attached at the end of the memorandum, which give us the opportunity to understand the processes that took place in Bessarabia during this time.Item SISTEMUL IMPERIAL DE PRIVILEGII NOBILIARE ÎN BASARABIA PRIMEI TREIMI A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(Lexon-Prim, 2022) Boțolin, SergiuThe elite in Bessarabia were drawn to the idea of becoming part of the Russian nobility, which included privileges associated with this social status. In addition to the material benefits that the status of a Russian noble could generate, attention should also be paid to the symbolic attributes. Belonging to a supposedly superior culture to the local one led to changes in behaviour, attitudes, and perceptions. As such, those who aspired to the status of a Russian noble attempted to adopt the appropriate customs regarding lifestyle. The struggle for material privileges led to an increased degree of dependence on imperial authorities, while also affecting cohesion within the local noble community.Item Biserica ortodoxă din Basarabia ca instrument de propagare a cultului imperial prin diseminarea datelor relevabile a familiei imperiale [Articol](Lexon-Prim, 2023) Gumenâi, IonRight from the moment of the annexation of Bessarabia by the Russian Empire, the institution of the Orthodox Church, in addition to its moral-spiritual activity, is also transformed by the autocratic administration into a propaganda tool. In addition to the propagation of the Russian tradition and elements of Russification, one of the directorial lines in which this institution was involved was also related to the maintenance of the propagation of the Russian imperial cult, started since the period of the Russo-Turkish war of 1806-1812 by the exarch Gavriil Bănulescu-Bodoni. From the middle of the 19th century, in addition to other instruments, the method by which the Orthodox Church, in order to amplify the popularity of the imperial family from the liturgical chair, also recorded important events in the life of the autocrat, came into use. It is precisely this tool that we will try to describe through the proposed communication.Item Cooptarea elitei locale în Basarabia: explorarea strategiilor imperiale în perioada 1812–1828 [Articol](Lexon-Prim, 2023) Boțolin, SergiuThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of strategies aimed at co-opting the local elite, deemed a fundamental component in the governance of the Bessarabia post-1812. It seeks to reinforce and enhance the policy of integrating Bessarabia into the political, economic, and social frameworks of the Russian Empire. A central focal point of this discourse is the imperial system of noble privileges, which was extended to include the Bessarabian elite and had a substantial impact on regional dynamics. The study delves into how these privileges were employed to attract local elites and secure their support and allegiance. Furthermore, it explores facets concerning the integration of the elite into the service of the Russian Empire and the formalization of this alliance.Item PATRIMONIUL NOU, DAR VECHI. ȘCOLI SUPERIOARE DIN RSSM. 1940-1941(2021) Rotaru, LilianaBased on unpublished sources, the author argues that although the Soviet authorities insisted that the "Romanian bourgeois-landlord regime" deprived the Bessarabians of the possibility of pursuing vocational studies in high schools, the communist regime did nothing but rebuild and multiply after the face and likeness of the Soviets, the institutions, which, for the most part, existed in interwar Bessarabia. Also, the author proves that the material patrimony of the higher education institutions established by the Soviets between 1940-1941 on the right bank of the Dniester of the MSSR was constituted by the massive use of the material patrimony of the Romanian educational institutions that operated in Bessarabia.Item EVOLUŢIA INSTITUŢIILOR EDUCAŢIONALE EVREIEŞTI ÎN IMPERIUL RUS. CAZUL BASARABIEI(Lexon-Prim, 2023) Roitman, AlexandruEducation in the Jewish community has always held an important place. The Jewish education system has a long history. Its religious nature has contributed significantly to the preservation of the Jewish people and the perpetuation of their customs and traditions. Education for the Jewish population has always been not only a form of self-organization but also a way of transmitting the collective religious mentality. In this article, we aim to analyze several aspects of the evolution of Jewish education in the Russian Empire, as well as its particularities for the Jewish community in Bessarabia. We will describe the legislation and reforms that influenced the functioning of these educational institutions during the 19th century in the Russian Empire.Item MĂSURILE ÎNTREPRINSE DE ADMINISTRAȚIA IMPERIALĂ RUSĂ ÎN SCOPUL STATORNICIRII NEGUSTORILOR ALOGENI ÎN BASARABIA (1812-1830)(2023) Grajdari, Sorinn this article, based on the published monographic literature and unpublished archival sources, the author analyzes the measures undertaken by the Russian imperial administration in order to settle foreign merchants in Bessarabia. The author notes that the genesis and evolution of the Bessarabian bourgeoisie in general, and the commercial – industrial in particular, was influenced by multiple factors, both economic and political, both internal and external. A special place in this respect belongs to the immigration of allogen merchants to Bessarabia – Armenians, Greek, Jews.Item ASPECTE COMPARATIVE ALE EVOLUŢIEI BASARABIEI ŞI NOVOROSIEI. PRIVIRE GENERALĂ ASUPRA SITUAŢIEI DEMOGRAFICE, SOCIALE ŞI ECONOMICE (ANII ’30-’50 AI SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich and varied documentary material found from various archive funds from the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, the author takes a general look at the demographic, social and economic situation of Bessarabia compared to the three Gubernyas of Novorossia - Herson, Tau- rida and Ekaterinoslav. The archive data show an obvious trend of population growth in Bessarabia and the three gubernyas of Novorossia, although this trend, for some gubernyas, is not constant. If for the region of Bessarabia and gubernyas of Ekaterinoslav and Taurida, this tendency is positive and evident for the entire period of time, then for the Herson gubernya this trend, for the year 1854, is negative, the diminution being related to the disaster caused to the population by the Crimean war. The increase in the population of the Taurida gu- bernya, directly involved in the Crimean War events, which naturally should had a neg- ative evolution, was due to the immigration from the Russian internal gubernyas of the serf peasants, who hoped to escape from the serfdom by participating in the war. The rhythms of population growth in Bessarabia, the three gubernyas of Novorossia, depended on multiple factors, the natural ones being the colonization with Transdanubian colonists, Germans, etc. and emigrants from Russian internal gubernyas. From a social and economic point of view, both Bessarabia and the gubernyas of Novorossia, where serfdom did not exist or had a weaker influence, where the products from held the character of commodities, as agricultural farms, both of landowners and peasants, involved in the market relations, attesting a the large number of guild merchants, especially of the fi rst two guilds, who maintained close ties with the foreign markets through the ports on the Black Sea coast, the Azov Sea, on the Danube, the place of Bessarabia being quite important, especially in the export of cereals.Item PARTICULARITĂŢI ALE POLITICII IMPERIALE RUSE ÎN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA (PRIVIRE GENERALĂ)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this article the author ascertains that Tsarism promoted in Bessarabia a colonial policy of rusification and denationalization by imposing Russian national and spiritual values, foreign to the detriment of the native ones, while the lack of state unity and national independence, political domination and economic exploitation, creating of cosmopolitan social states directly influenced this process.Item Transformarea elitei basarabene în subiect imperial [Articol](CEP USM, 2022) Boțolin, SergiuThe integration of the new territories into the Russian Empire involved, as a first step, the assimilation of local elites. The intensity and depth of this process was determined by many variables, from geographical to cultural factors. The assimilation of the elites was important both for the central authorities, in their willing to achieve a political and social stability in the newly annexed territories but also for the exponents of the local elite who, by integrating into the Russian nobility, obtained important privileges. In Bessarabia, this process, which lasted more than 20 years, proved to be extremely exhausting for both the authorities and the candidates. The series of ineffective commissions set up for this purpose in fact obstructed access to privileges that could be obtained with the status of noble. Hence the rivalries between the descendants of the old boyars in the Principality of Moldova, who often had difficulty gaining noble status in the Russian Empire, and those recently ennobled by virtue of their services to the central authorities.