Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy
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Item BASARABIA LA 1828: PROCESE DEMOGRAFICE, STRUCTURI SOCIALE ŞI CONFESIUNI RELIGIOASE (Descrisă într-un memoriu prezentat instituţiilor imperiale ruse) (Partea I)(CEP USM, 2022) Tomuleț, ValentinThe author analyzes a memorandum from 1828, kept in the Chancellery Fund of the governor of Bessarabia (ANRM, F. 2, inv. 1, d. 1199, f. 1-69 verse), presented by the regional institutions of the imperial administration of St. Petersburg, after the suppression of the limited temporary autonomy of Bessarabia, based on the Regulation of February 29, 1828. The memorandum, which includes several tables describing the economic, social and religious situation of Bessarabia in 1828, is accompanied by a rather detailed commentary on the tables, which is more like a report, which the regional institutions presented annually at Petersburg starting with 1842 (at the beginning the data referring to the population included information for entire Bessarabia, and starting with 1847 – for each county center and for every county). The memorandum includes data on the area of the counties, the total number of the population divided by sex, social categories (nobles, clergy, peasants, members of szlachta, foreign colonists, the poor), the number of houses, in addition to those in urban areas included in this statistic, the number of localities in each county, depending on the number of houses (households), the surface of arable land, pastures, forests etc. Of particular interest are the compartments dedicated to the state of cities, different branches of rural and urban households: animal husbandry, agricultural development, handicrafts and various craft branches, factories and plants, internal and external trade, the moral character of the population, denominations. Quite valuable are the detailed comments (69 pages written on both sides) with reference to the 10 tables, attached at the end of the memorandum, which give us the opportunity to understand the processes that took place in Bessarabia during this time.Item SISTEMUL IMPERIAL DE PRIVILEGII NOBILIARE ÎN BASARABIA PRIMEI TREIMI A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(Lexon-Prim, 2022) Boțolin, SergiuThe elite in Bessarabia were drawn to the idea of becoming part of the Russian nobility, which included privileges associated with this social status. In addition to the material benefits that the status of a Russian noble could generate, attention should also be paid to the symbolic attributes. Belonging to a supposedly superior culture to the local one led to changes in behaviour, attitudes, and perceptions. As such, those who aspired to the status of a Russian noble attempted to adopt the appropriate customs regarding lifestyle. The struggle for material privileges led to an increased degree of dependence on imperial authorities, while also affecting cohesion within the local noble community.Item ASPECTE COMPARATIVE ALE EVOLUŢIEI BASARABIEI ŞI NOVOROSIEI. PRIVIRE GENERALĂ ASUPRA SITUAŢIEI DEMOGRAFICE, SOCIALE ŞI ECONOMICE (ANII ’30-’50 AI SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich and varied documentary material found from various archive funds from the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, the author takes a general look at the demographic, social and economic situation of Bessarabia compared to the three Gubernyas of Novorossia - Herson, Tau- rida and Ekaterinoslav. The archive data show an obvious trend of population growth in Bessarabia and the three gubernyas of Novorossia, although this trend, for some gubernyas, is not constant. If for the region of Bessarabia and gubernyas of Ekaterinoslav and Taurida, this tendency is positive and evident for the entire period of time, then for the Herson gubernya this trend, for the year 1854, is negative, the diminution being related to the disaster caused to the population by the Crimean war. The increase in the population of the Taurida gu- bernya, directly involved in the Crimean War events, which naturally should had a neg- ative evolution, was due to the immigration from the Russian internal gubernyas of the serf peasants, who hoped to escape from the serfdom by participating in the war. The rhythms of population growth in Bessarabia, the three gubernyas of Novorossia, depended on multiple factors, the natural ones being the colonization with Transdanubian colonists, Germans, etc. and emigrants from Russian internal gubernyas. From a social and economic point of view, both Bessarabia and the gubernyas of Novorossia, where serfdom did not exist or had a weaker influence, where the products from held the character of commodities, as agricultural farms, both of landowners and peasants, involved in the market relations, attesting a the large number of guild merchants, especially of the fi rst two guilds, who maintained close ties with the foreign markets through the ports on the Black Sea coast, the Azov Sea, on the Danube, the place of Bessarabia being quite important, especially in the export of cereals.Item PARTICULARITĂŢI ALE POLITICII IMPERIALE RUSE ÎN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA (PRIVIRE GENERALĂ)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this article the author ascertains that Tsarism promoted in Bessarabia a colonial policy of rusification and denationalization by imposing Russian national and spiritual values, foreign to the detriment of the native ones, while the lack of state unity and national independence, political domination and economic exploitation, creating of cosmopolitan social states directly influenced this process.Item EVOLUŢIA INSTITUŢIILOR PUBLICE LOCALE DIN BASARABIA SUB DOMINAŢIE IMPERIALĂ RUSĂ (PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinAfter the Regulation of February 29, 1828, the limited and provisional autonomy that Bessarabia enjoyed for 10 years was liquidated, and the province was included in the economic and political system of the Russian Empire. Shortly afterwards, on September 26, 1830, the Dniester Customs Cordon was suppressed and transferred to the Prut and Danube, the guild structure was established, the Ismail City Administration was established, and Bessarabia was included in the economic and political system of the Russian Empire. Respectively, these changes necessitated certain changes at the regional, county and local administrative level. If in the central and regional institutions the imperial administration operated more radical changes in local public administration, tsarism was forced, for a certain period of time, to maintain local traditions, actively engaging in its change after the adoption of the Bessarabian Peasants Regulation of January 24, 1834, and liquidating entirely the old system of administration only from January 1, 1861, replacing it with Russian volost’ government.Item Transformarea elitei basarabene în subiect imperial [Articol](CEP USM, 2022) Boțolin, SergiuThe integration of the new territories into the Russian Empire involved, as a first step, the assimilation of local elites. The intensity and depth of this process was determined by many variables, from geographical to cultural factors. The assimilation of the elites was important both for the central authorities, in their willing to achieve a political and social stability in the newly annexed territories but also for the exponents of the local elite who, by integrating into the Russian nobility, obtained important privileges. In Bessarabia, this process, which lasted more than 20 years, proved to be extremely exhausting for both the authorities and the candidates. The series of ineffective commissions set up for this purpose in fact obstructed access to privileges that could be obtained with the status of noble. Hence the rivalries between the descendants of the old boyars in the Principality of Moldova, who often had difficulty gaining noble status in the Russian Empire, and those recently ennobled by virtue of their services to the central authorities.Item Latinitatea şi romanitatea basarabiei în descrierile şi percepţiile călătorilor ruşi în secolul al XIX-lea [Articol](CEP USM, 2022) Corman, GalinaThe current article aims to examine the problem of the representation of the Latinity and Romanity by the Russian travelers of the territory between Prut and Dnestr annexed to Russia in 1812. It will analyze the emergence, the dynamic and the function of the image of Bessarabia as Latin, Romanian land with a Roman past. The research raised the question regarding the role which the texts of Russian travelers describing Bessarabia played in the context of the Russian imperial policy: if they can be considered as Documents or maybe as discursive determining practices which accompanied the Russian process of colonization in Bessarabia.Item TENTATIVE DE EMIGRARE A POPULAŢIEI DIN JUDEŢUL AKKERMAN ÎN EXTREMUL ORIENT ÎN ANII 1894-1895(CEP USM, 2021) Bolduma, ViorelIn this article, based on archive materials and published works, the author analyzes attempts to emigration of the population from the Akkerman county in the Amur/Priamur region, in the years 1894-1895. The main cause of population emigration is to be identified in the demographic processes that took place in the province in the first half century, in the policy of colonization and denationalization promoted by the Russian imperial administration, in the consequences of the agrarian reform of 1868, frequent droughts, epidemics and raising taxes. The imperial authorities practically did not stand in the way of granting permission for the emigration of the population. The main condition was to comply with the circulars and regulations issued, according to which emigration was allowed.Item LITIGIILE FUNCIARE ÎNTRE MĂNĂSTIRILE ÎNCHINATE DIN MOLDOVA ŞI MOŞIERII DIN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMELE DECENII DUPĂ ANEXARE (Cazul tranzacţiei încheiate de moşierii Leon şi Tomuleţ cu mănăstirea Sf. Ioan Zlatoust din Iaşi)(Biblioteca Științifică Centrală„Andrei Lupan”, 2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, on the basis of a rich archive material, the author analyzes the land disputes between Moldavian monasteries and Bessarabian landowners in the first decades after annexation, based on an example of the transaction concluded by the landowners Leon and Tomuleţ with the monastery of St. Ioan Zlatoust from Iasi. The author ascertains that the transaction has in fact led to a long dispute between the parties who have concluded the exchange, which lasted until the end of the 1820s, with adverse effects both for the St. Ioan Zlatoust monastery in Iasi and Tomuleţ and Leon landowners, as well as for the inhabitants of Lăpuşna, especially for those who lived in the hearth of the former fair, which at the beginning of the 19th century fell to a state of a village, as well as for some people who risked, due to the dispute between the two parties, to lease the estate’s income, etc. The changes occurred in regard to the owners of the Lapusna estate practically did not solve the dispute with the inhabitants, but even aggravated it, advancing from disputes in the courts of law, to direct confrontation, which led some scholars to be- lieve that these events preceded with a decade the similar processes that carried out in Moldova in 1831.Item DOSARELE FAMILIILOR NOBILIARE DIN BASARABIA – SURSĂ IMPORTANTĂ DE PATRIMONIU DOCUMENTAR (ÎN BAZA DOSARULUI FAMILIEI TOMULEŢ)(2021) Tomuleț, ValentinFollowing the example of the Tomuleţ family dossier, the author discusses the issue of the dossiers of the Bessarabian noble families as an important source of documentary heritage in studying the noble origin of the people who were to regain the noble status held until 1812. The author notes that the dossiers of the noble families offer the possibility to establish the kinship ties these families had with the noble families from Moldova from the previous centuries, thereby confirming or denying their affiliation to the nobility; the dossiers serve as an important source in the study of the landed property of the Bessarabian nobility, because, in their requests, the nobles had to indicate the estates they owned (either they or their ancestors) until the annexation of this territory to Russia; they serve as an important source in the study of the genealogical tree of noble families, because the Bessarabian landlords were to confirm their nobility by old documents, signed by the officials, which they were to present, as a rule, in the original; the dossiers contain important data regarding the studies that the nobles received during the XIX century and serve as an important source in reflecting the basic stages of the struggle of the Bessarabian nobility for the recovery or confirmation of their noble titles.