Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy

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End date: 2022Subject: search.filters.subject.Bessarabia

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    BASARABIA LA 1828: PROCESE DEMOGRAFICE, STRUCTURI SOCIALE ŞI CONFESIUNI RELIGIOASE (Descrisă într-un memoriu prezentat instituţiilor imperiale ruse) (Partea I)
    (CEP USM, 2022) Tomuleț, Valentin
    The author analyzes a memorandum from 1828, kept in the Chancellery Fund of the governor of Bessarabia (ANRM, F. 2, inv. 1, d. 1199, f. 1-69 verse), presented by the regional institutions of the imperial administration of St. Petersburg, after the suppression of the limited temporary autonomy of Bessarabia, based on the Regulation of February 29, 1828. The memorandum, which includes several tables describing the economic, social and religious situation of Bessarabia in 1828, is accompanied by a rather detailed commentary on the tables, which is more like a report, which the regional institutions presented annually at Petersburg starting with 1842 (at the beginning the data referring to the population included information for entire Bessarabia, and starting with 1847 – for each county center and for every county). The memorandum includes data on the area of the counties, the total number of the population divided by sex, social categories (nobles, clergy, peasants, members of szlachta, foreign colonists, the poor), the number of houses, in addition to those in urban areas included in this statistic, the number of localities in each county, depending on the number of houses (households), the surface of arable land, pastures, forests etc. Of particular interest are the compartments dedicated to the state of cities, different branches of rural and urban households: animal husbandry, agricultural development, handicrafts and various craft branches, factories and plants, internal and external trade, the moral character of the population, denominations. Quite valuable are the detailed comments (69 pages written on both sides) with reference to the 10 tables, attached at the end of the memorandum, which give us the opportunity to understand the processes that took place in Bessarabia during this time.
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    SISTEMUL IMPERIAL DE PRIVILEGII NOBILIARE ÎN BASARABIA PRIMEI TREIMI A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA
    (Lexon-Prim, 2022) Boțolin, Sergiu
    The elite in Bessarabia were drawn to the idea of becoming part of the Russian nobility, which included privileges associated with this social status. In addition to the material benefits that the status of a Russian noble could generate, attention should also be paid to the symbolic attributes. Belonging to a supposedly superior culture to the local one led to changes in behaviour, attitudes, and perceptions. As such, those who aspired to the status of a Russian noble attempted to adopt the appropriate customs regarding lifestyle. The struggle for material privileges led to an increased degree of dependence on imperial authorities, while also affecting cohesion within the local noble community.
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    PATRIMONIUL NOU, DAR VECHI. ȘCOLI SUPERIOARE DIN RSSM. 1940-1941
    (2021) Rotaru, Liliana
    Based on unpublished sources, the author argues that although the Soviet authorities insisted that the "Romanian bourgeois-landlord regime" deprived the Bessarabians of the possibility of pursuing vocational studies in high schools, the communist regime did nothing but rebuild and multiply after the face and likeness of the Soviets, the institutions, which, for the most part, existed in interwar Bessarabia. Also, the author proves that the material patrimony of the higher education institutions established by the Soviets between 1940-1941 on the right bank of the Dniester of the MSSR was constituted by the massive use of the material patrimony of the Romanian educational institutions that operated in Bessarabia.
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    ASPECTE COMPARATIVE ALE EVOLUŢIEI BASARABIEI ŞI NOVOROSIEI. PRIVIRE GENERALĂ ASUPRA SITUAŢIEI DEMOGRAFICE, SOCIALE ŞI ECONOMICE (ANII ’30-’50 AI SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)
    (2019) Tomuleț, Valentin
    In the present study, based on a rich and varied documentary material found from various archive funds from the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, the author takes a general look at the demographic, social and economic situation of Bessarabia compared to the three Gubernyas of Novorossia - Herson, Tau- rida and Ekaterinoslav. The archive data show an obvious trend of population growth in Bessarabia and the three gubernyas of Novorossia, although this trend, for some gubernyas, is not constant. If for the region of Bessarabia and gubernyas of Ekaterinoslav and Taurida, this tendency is positive and evident for the entire period of time, then for the Herson gubernya this trend, for the year 1854, is negative, the diminution being related to the disaster caused to the population by the Crimean war. The increase in the population of the Taurida gu- bernya, directly involved in the Crimean War events, which naturally should had a neg- ative evolution, was due to the immigration from the Russian internal gubernyas of the serf peasants, who hoped to escape from the serfdom by participating in the war. The rhythms of population growth in Bessarabia, the three gubernyas of Novorossia, depended on multiple factors, the natural ones being the colonization with Transdanubian colonists, Germans, etc. and emigrants from Russian internal gubernyas. From a social and economic point of view, both Bessarabia and the gubernyas of Novorossia, where serfdom did not exist or had a weaker influence, where the products from held the character of commodities, as agricultural farms, both of landowners and peasants, involved in the market relations, attesting a the large number of guild merchants, especially of the fi rst two guilds, who maintained close ties with the foreign markets through the ports on the Black Sea coast, the Azov Sea, on the Danube, the place of Bessarabia being quite important, especially in the export of cereals.
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    PARTICULARITĂŢI ALE POLITICII IMPERIALE RUSE ÎN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA (PRIVIRE GENERALĂ)
    (2019) Tomuleț, Valentin
    In this article the author ascertains that Tsarism promoted in Bessarabia a colonial policy of rusification and denationalization by imposing Russian national and spiritual values, foreign to the detriment of the native ones, while the lack of state unity and national independence, political domination and economic exploitation, creating of cosmopolitan social states directly influenced this process.
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    Transformarea elitei basarabene în subiect imperial [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2022) Boțolin, Sergiu
    The integration of the new territories into the Russian Empire involved, as a first step, the assimilation of local elites. The intensity and depth of this process was determined by many variables, from geographical to cultural factors. The assimilation of the elites was important both for the central authorities, in their willing to achieve a political and social stability in the newly annexed territories but also for the exponents of the local elite who, by integrating into the Russian nobility, obtained important privileges. In Bessarabia, this process, which lasted more than 20 years, proved to be extremely exhausting for both the authorities and the candidates. The series of ineffective commissions set up for this purpose in fact obstructed access to privileges that could be obtained with the status of noble. Hence the rivalries between the descendants of the old boyars in the Principality of Moldova, who often had difficulty gaining noble status in the Russian Empire, and those recently ennobled by virtue of their services to the central authorities.
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    EVOLUŢIA ŞTIINŢELOR SOCIOUMANISTE ÎN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMUL DECENIU DE DUPĂ UNIRE (1918-1928)
    (CEP USM, 2021-04-22) Constantinov, Lilia
    This study aims at placing the Bessarabian socio-humanistic sciences in a broad Roma- nian context and establishing their development directions for the first decade of the inter- war period. Our goal is to establish the impact of the Union of 1918 on the framework of socio-humanistic sciences in inter-war Bessarabia, the transformations produced in the first inter-war decade and their impact on the field of socio-humanistic sciences, in particular, and culture in general.
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    VIAŢA COTIDIANĂ ÎN BASARABIA ANILOR '30 AI SECOLULUI XX CA TEMĂ DE CERCETARE ŞTIINŢIFICĂ
    (CEP USM, 2021) Fondos, Aurel
    This study aims to explore the issue that falls within a more general theme of the evolution of Bessarabia within the whole of Romania and aims at one of the most subtle topics related to everyday life in Bessarabia in the 30s, a stage in which the most important advances in all areas of social life. It is necessary to overcome some outdated clichés, existing in historiography (Soviet-communist style). The study of the proposed topic is of paramount importance for understanding the general picture of the processes produced in interwar Bessarabia, constituting a chapter of history still unexplained in its essential aspects. Thus, the general objectives are the capitalizing on the archival documents on the topic, the rich historiography on the problem, the various information contained in the newspapers and magazines of that historical period and the specific objective is studying and highlighting unique documentary materials, through the prism of new scientific research methodologies. The expected end state will be a perspective monograph that will reflect the essential aspects of daily life in interwar Bessarabia, which will contribute to solving the many controversies and divergent approaches related to that historical period. In this sense, the first section of the project will present the housing and food of the population, followed by the comfort of the population, elements of modernity in interwar Bessarabia. The third compartment of the paper will contain the health care and health of the population of Bessarabia. A special section of the project will analyze the income and expenditure of the population, the cost of living in interwar Bessarabia. The fifth compartment of the research project will present in detail the process of book science of the population, press and radio in the daily life of Bessarabia of the 30s of the twentieth century. Research, such as questioning existing problems, evidence and actions taken to overcome them as appropriate, the effect of reforms that have influenced the daily lives of the population, lessons learned.
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    TENTATIVE DE EMIGRARE A POPULAŢIEI DIN JUDEŢUL AKKERMAN ÎN EXTREMUL ORIENT ÎN ANII 1894-1895
    (CEP USM, 2021) Bolduma, Viorel
    In this article, based on archive materials and published works, the author analyzes attempts to emigration of the population from the Akkerman county in the Amur/Priamur region, in the years 1894-1895. The main cause of population emigration is to be identified in the demographic processes that took place in the province in the first half century, in the policy of colonization and denationalization promoted by the Russian imperial administration, in the consequences of the agrarian reform of 1868, frequent droughts, epidemics and raising taxes. The imperial authorities practically did not stand in the way of granting permission for the emigration of the population. The main condition was to comply with the circulars and regulations issued, according to which emigration was allowed.
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    ROLUL SPIRITUAL ȘI SOCIAL AL ICOANEI FĂCĂTOARE DE MINUNI A MAICII DOMNULUI DE HÂRBOVĂŢ
    (2021) Moșneaguțu, Ion
    At the Hârbovăţ monastery was the most important relic of Bessarabia, famous in the Orthodox world, the Miraculous Icon of the Mother of God of Hârbovăţ. This Marian icon had a special impact on the religious sentiment of the population, establishing a special ritual, with the full inclusion of the clergy and laity (including civil and military authorities). The inclusion of the icon in the religious circuit of the county capital generated a substantial impulse in the development of the Hârbovăț monastery.