Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy

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    PROBLEMA FUNCŢIONALITĂŢII INCINTEI FORTIFICATE DE LA STOLNICENI (HÂNCEŞTI, REPUBLICA MOLDOVA)
    (2016) Ursu-Naniu, Rodica; Corobcean, Andrei
    Investigarea ştiinţifi că a sitului de epocă a fi erului de la Stolniceni, raionul Hânceşti, Republica Moldova, a lăsat deschisă, în cele peste două decenii de săpături, problema funcţionalităţii acestuia, în condiţiile în care artefactele descoperite au generat ipoteze aparent controversate. În linii mari, părerile oscilau între recunoaşterea unei succesiuni funcţionale aşezare – fortifi caţie – necropolă (sau aşezare – necropolă fortifi cată) şi ideea unei necropole fortifi cate ab initio. Ultimele cercetări, însă, lasă deschisă şi ipoteza unei „incinte sacre”, în care periodic se desfăşurau ritualuri cultice, din care nu se exclud sacrifi ciile umane şi cele de animale.
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    HABITATUL UMAN DIN MILENIUL I A. CHR. – PRIMA JUMĂTATE A MILENIULUI I P. CHR. ÎN BAZINUL RÂULUI COGÂLNIC
    (2020) Sochircă, Vitalie; Matveev, Sergiu; Corobcean, Andrei; Vornic, Vlad
    The article represents a synthesis of scientific knowledge on the habitat in the basin of the Cogalnic river and its archaeological component at the moment when we started an interdisciplinary project on research and scientific valorization of the archaeological heritage of the Iron Age in the basin of Cogalnic river from the Republic of Moldova. Related to the way of life of human communities of the Iron Age are presented historical, geographical, geological peculiarities; also: relief, climate, vegetation, animals and soil of the researched micro-region, followed by a repertory of archaeological sites corresponding chronologically and geographically to the researched topic, accompanied by a history of their study with the identification of the main stages and the most involved researchers.
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    SISTEMUL DEFENSIV AL CETĂŢII DIN EPOCA FIERULUI – SAHARNA MARE
    (2007) Niculiţă, Ion; Zanoci, Aurel; Arnăut, Tudor
    Today over 82 Iron Age monuments are known in the area of the Middle Dniester, Central Moldavian Hills. The most impressive monuments are situated on high promontories and heights close to Saharna village, Republic of Moldova. These sites of ancient settlements and villages are known since the end of the 40s of the 20 th c., when G. D. Smirnov carried out the first reconnaissance excavations. Saharna Mare settlement stands out among these monuments. Since 2001 systematic archeological research has been carried out on the site. Saharna Mare is situat- ed on a high stony triangular promontory surrounded from all sides by deep inaccessible ravines. The promontory is accessible only from the South. Archeological research proves that the site was populated as early as the Early Iron Age when a Hallstatt settlement of Saharna-Solonceni type was founded there. Consequently the promontory was fortified in the south by a complex system of defence. It contained a wall which went from south-east to north- west, with a ditch and three semicircular ramparts in the centre and flanks. A comprehensive study of Saharna Mare fortifications offers certain corrections to our understanding of the con- struction methods at ancient settlements in the 1 st millennium BC. Remains of earth mounds almost always are wrecks of a once erected “wall”. The analysis of the main line of defensive system and two ramparts (the third is demolished) has shown that the fortification was constructed out of a timber wooden drainage placed on the lev- elled surface. In order to save the wooden flooring from moisture the gap was filled by sand. The timber drainage which was the footing of the fortification was pierced by poles located evenly and strengthened by longitudinal and transversal beams on different levels. This wooden carcass was filled by earth, stones, sand and clay. To ensure the preservation of the fortification the framework was filled by building material layer by layer. The outer sides of walls of the majority of settlements which were constructed following these methods have a 2-2,7 m wide berm. It was used as a base for a construction of clay and crushed stones aimed at protecting the wooden wall from fires, and it was thicker at its bottom and narrowing on its way to the top. Ca. 2 meters away from its southern outer side a ditch was dug, with its width at the mouth varying between 16,5- 18,0 m. Excavations have shown that in antiquity the width of the ditch on the surface was ca. 15,6 m, at the bottom – 6,1 m, the depth was 3,2 m, and its 2,1 m was dug out of the stony base of the promontory. Horseshoe-shaped ramparts which were bordering the ditch were built using the same methodology. The precise time of erection and demolition of the defences is so far difficult to establish with any precision. Following the analysis of the discovered material it is obvious that all of them were intact and functioning in the 4 th –3d c. BC
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    CERCETĂRI INTERDISCIPLINARE LA SITUL DIN EPOCA FIERULUI SAHARNA MARE / „DEALUL MĂNĂSTIRII”
    (2018) Zanoci, Aurel; Rafailă-Stanc, Simina Margareta; Nagacevschi, Tatiana; Sochircă, Vitalie
    Situl Saharna Mare / „Dealul Mănăstirii”, amplasat pe un promontoriu ce face parte din terasa înaltă a malului drept al Nistrului, a fost cercetat pe parcursul mai multor campanii arheologice, pe o suprafaţă totală de 2658 m2 . În urma acestor investigaţii s-a stabilit perindarea pe promontoriul Saharna Mare a mai multor fortificaţii şi aşezări deschise, care se încadrează în intervalul de timp cuprins între a doua jumătate a sec. XII şi sec. III a. Chr. În anul 2017, având ca reper harta magnetometrică a sitului, cercetările s-au axat pe investigarea unei porţiuni a aşezării, unde au fost identificate anomalii pozitive ce denotă prezenţa unor structuri arse. Ca urmare au fost descoperite cinci construcţii, 11 gropi menajere, precum şi un bogat şi variat inventar arheologic. De asemenea, din secţiune (29/2017) au fost recoltate 1396 resturi faunistice şi au fost prelevate probe de sol, care au fost analizate de specialiştii în domeniu de la Facultăţile de Biologie a Universităţii „Alexandru Ioan Cuza” din Iaşi şi a Universităţii de Stat din Moldova.
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    INVESTIGAŢIILE ARHEOLOGICE LA SITUL SAHARNA MARE / „DEALUL MĂNĂSTIRII”, RAIONUL REZINA (2017-2019)*
    (2019) Niculiţă, Ion; Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, Mihail; Dulgher, Victor
    The archaeological research conducted in 2017-2019 was concentrated in the southwest part of the site, where as a result of the geomagnetic measurements a positive anomaly was attested that denotes the presence of burned structures. Following the archaeological excavations (256 m2) in this part of the settlement, three layers of living were identified: Holercani-Hansca, Cozia-Saharna and Thracian-Getae. It was discovered a pit (7/2018) belonging to the Holercani-Hansca horizon whose filling contained ceramics characteristic of this culture. For the Cozia-Saharna layer was found a structure (4/2017-2019), 12 pits, a burial, and various archaeological inventory represented by work tools, weapons and ceramics ornamented with incised and stamped ornaments. In the Thracian-Getae layer were uncovered three structures, 13 pits and a rich archaeological findings. Among the inventory items are tools and utensils made of different raw materials – iron, bronze, bone and horn, stone and burnt clay. From this layer come several weapons, in particular, tips of bronze arrows, as well as pieces of jewelry, represented by fibuale, bracelets, rings etc. Also, from the Thracian-Getae layer was recovered a significant amount of local ceramics and Greek imports
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    A PLACE OF LIFE AND DEATH. BURIALS AND HUMAN BONE FINDS IN THE IRON AGE SETTLEMENT AT SAHARNA MARE / ”DEALUL MĂNĂSTIRII”: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
    (2019) Băţ, Mihail; Simalcsik, Angela; Zanoci, Aurel
    Among the numerous vestiges of the Iron Age at Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii”, there are 11 finds of human remains, which are of particular interest for the interdisciplinary research of the site. In this article, we propose combining archaeological data with anthropological ones. The analyzed skeletal material comes from six types of archaeological contexts: “cultic structure”,“ditch”, “rampart”, “grave”, “dwelling”, and “cultural layer” (Fig. 2; 3). In all the analyzed cases the identified osteological remains come from a single individual. In total, seven individuals were identified, one of whom is female and six are male. Regarding age distribution, most individuals fall within the age range of 30-60 years (maturus). One individual falls within the age range of 20-30 years (adultus), and another one has passed the age of 60 (senilis). As a result of the paleopathological analyses, a wide spectrum of dental pathologies (supragingival calculus, cavities, abscess, antemortem tooth loss) and bone pathologies (osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc herniation, porotic hyperostosis) were recorded. The analysis of occupational indicators showed over-demanding physical activities, spatial mobility, and horseback riding. Traces of violent death, such as cranial and postcranial fractures, have been reported in several cases. There were also identified injuries with signs of healing.
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    МАТЕРИАЛЫ К АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КАРТЕ МОЛДАВСКОЙ ССР
    (CEP USM, 2020) Еремия, Ион
    In rezultatul perieghezelor arheologice au fost descoperite 2 monumente atribuite culturii Noua, 3 monumente atribuite culturii Tripolije, 5 monumente atribuite culturii ge tice și 7 monumente atribuite culturii Cerneahov. Aceste materiale completează într-o oarecare măsură„Harta arheologică a RSS Moldovenești”, editată între anii 1973 și 1976 și scot în câmpul de atenție a cercetăriorilor câteva aspecte interesante.