Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy
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Item POLITICI IMPERIALE PROMOVATE ÎN SCOPUL DISCIPLINĂRII ŞI UNIFORMIZĂRII SOCIETĂŢII NOBILIARE BASARABENE(2019) Gherasim, CristinaLa disciplinerité represente le phénomène qui aimpliqué la mise en place d’un dispositif complexe de réorganisations, de la discipline et de l’éducation des émotions, de la morale, de valeurs et des comportements despersonnes et il a eu un rôle important dans le développement de la civilisation européen. Cela represente généralement une série d’activité successive des rois, de l’état et d’autres tribunaux tels que l’église et l’école pour contrôler,discipliner et éduquer former soialement les populations du ontinent européen. Il convient de mentionner que le processus de discipline de la société noble s’est également déroulé et dans la Russie tsariste, en particulier à partir des rigueurs encore imposées du temps du tsar Pierre I-er, complétées par d’autres lois faisant référence aux modèles mondains et quotidiens de dvorenim. Après l’annexion de la Bessarabie à l’empire russe, l’administration tsariste, en train de créer une base sociale fidèle en la personne du boyarisme indigène, a promu diverses politiques visant à uniformiser et discipliner l’élite locale. Ces politiques ont été mises en œuvre grâce à un système élaboré par des réglementations ciblant à la fois le statut socio-politique et économique, ainsi que la formation, les promotions (décorations, récompenses, diplômes et grades), les médias et les actions publiquesItem SURSELE ISTORICE ÎN STUDIEREA MENTALITĂȚII NOBILIMII DIN BASARABIA ÎN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA(2018) Gherasim, CristinaThe article based on specialised literature analyses issues connected to the research sources of the mentality of bassarabian nobility. Starting from the ideea that mentality is a result of a long history developement, comprising a system of all from of collective events conscious and subconscious (atti tudes, behavior, visions of life, religion, time, location, identity, myth, symbols, utopia). To study the topic we must use all existing historical resources, official documents issued by administration, as well as literary work and private correspondence, furniture and clothing, parks and homes, leasure activities, music etc. Only by having done an extensive study of all mentioned aspects we could have a real and complete image of the nobility of Bassarabia from in the XIXth centry.Item IMAGINARUL IDENTITĂȚII ȘI ALTERITĂȚII ÎN MEDIUL NOBILIMII DIN BASARABIA ÎN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA(2017) Gherasim, CristinaThe Bessarabian nobility got actively involved in the tsarist administrative system in order to benefit from the rights and privileges of this specific social category, but it also reserved its national identity. This fact is confirmed by the archival data, writings, notes and comments of the domestic and foreign contemporaries. The manifestation of national identity was realized by: keeping the old titulature; the use of signatures in Moldavian pa- leography; endless conflicts with the representatives of imperial administration and tsarist army; negative attitude towards the allogeneous employment in various social and political fields; the fight for the domestic legislation, the language, Romanian customs and traditions; communication in the Romanian language; listening to the fiddler music etc. So, the nobility had an important role in the process of promotion of national identity and consciousness; the villagers preserved the Romanian ethos but the nobility rose up personalities: who boosted the unity with the motherland Romania, who proved Latin and Romanian character in Bessarabia, that its true language is Romanian and the history is common with the one of Principality of Moldavia before the annexationItem ASPECTE PRIVIND INFLUENȚA LEGISLAȚIEI ȚARISTE ASUPRA STATUTULUI NOBILIMII DIN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(2016) Gherasim, CristinaIn this article based on the study of archival sources and monographs the author considers some aspects of the influence of the tsarist legislation on the changes in the legal status of the Bessarabian nobility. After the annexation of the territory between the Dniester and the Prut to the Russian Empire, at first the tsarist government maintained the social categories existing in Bessarabia, and the relationships were regulated by the laws and customs of the Principality of Moldavia. Subsequently, Bessarabia was incorporated into the political and socio-economic system of the empire. Thus, the use of the tsarist laws on the territory of the region has led to changes in the status of the Bessarabian nobility. Despite the fact that the Bessarabian nobility had the same rights and have been included in the Russian nobility keeping the former privileges, in reality they, especially the indigenous nobility, were limited in their rights. Chief administrative positions in Bessarabia were given to foreign nobles and officials or those members of the local nobility, who were loyal to the tsarist policy. All this has led to dissociation (due to the introduction of foreign representatives into the ranks of the local gentry) and humiliation (because the nobles had to constantly prove their social status – a rather complicated process due to the lack of supporting documents for those who had the Moldavian noble rank or possessed property) of this social category.Item ASPECTE PRIVIND ÎNCADRAREA COPIILOR DE NOBILI DIN BASARABIA ÎN SISTEMUL DE ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNT IMPERIAL RUS(2015) Gherasim, CristinaThe given article, based on unpublished archival documents and monographic studies, discusses aspects of implementation of the Russian educational system in Bessarabia. The imperial policy promoted in the newly annexed territory tended to centralize and standardize the administrative system. The main objective of this policy in the fi eld of culture was forced Russifi cation of the autochthonous population, which involved the removal and destruction of national traditions to enhance the process of assimilation of the natives. One of the means to achieve this aim was the policy of education. Before annexation of Bessarabia to the Russian Empire, most noble children were taught at home, usually by teachers of foreign origin, and then continued their studies in Western Europe. The situation changed immediately after the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest. For example, a letter dated 17 October 1828, addressed to the District Marshal of Nobility, contained the demand to stop the activities of private teachers and all boarding schools in Bessarabia due to their illegality. Nobles were warned that they should not hire private teachers who did not have a special certifi cate issued by the tsarist administration, as otherwise they will be punished according to law. Other sources provide information that the Bessarabian Assembly of Nobility was obliged to allocate funds for scholarships “to educate young people in the spirit of devotion to the Tsar and the homeland.” As a result, the Bessarabian Assembly granted 20 scholarships in the name of Emperor Nikolay II and 5 scholarships in the name of the District Marshal of Nobility M.N. Krupensky – 300 rubles each fellow to continue their education in higher educational institutions of Russia.Item VARIETATEA LITIGIILOR ÎN CARE ERA IMPLICATĂ NOBILIMEA DIN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(2015) Gherasim, CristinaAnnexation, in 1812,of the territory between the Prut and Nistru to Russian Impire has drawn a big number of changes in this region arising from application of the tsarist policy. Changes have occurred in practically all possible systems: political, economic, social, cultural, education, judiciary, etc. The article basis of archive documents, monographs and historical articles. We study the problem of applying the tsarist legislation in Bessarabia and the petitions of nobility for keeping the local lawsas well as habitsand the involvement of the nobility representative in various litigation.Item NEAMUL DE NOBILI BASARABENI MĂCĂRESCU(2013) Gherasim, CristinaThe study of the archival documents allows us to establish the fact that Măcărescu was an old aristocratic boyar family from the Moldavian territory over Prut, which acti vely fit into the life of Bessarabia after the annexation. Documents submitted to the Com mission instituted to verify the boyar social rank had proved that indeed the reprezenta tives of the Măcărescu belong to the social category of the nobles, being descendants of Mihail Măcărescu, a royal clerc. During the nineteenth century the representatives of this family fought for the confirmation and the reconfirmation of the title of nobility. We also can conclude that the Măcărescu family members had pretty large properties, have held various positions in the Russian imperial administration. In addition they were actively involved in the social life of Bessarabia. In conclusion we can see that Măcărescu family history contributed to the building of Bessarabia in the nineteenth century along with other aristocratic families and the entire population of the territory between the Prut and Dniester.Item STATUTUL CĂLĂRAŞILOR DIN BASARABIA: DE LA ADMINISTRAŢIA MOLDOVENEASCĂ LA CEA IMPERIALĂ RUSĂ(2013) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this study, based on archival and published sources, the author analyzes the status of călăraşi based on the comparative approach: from the Moldovan traditions to Russian imperial administrative system. The author ascertains that călăraşi as the guards’ category were mentioned in the documentary information from the 16th century, as being recruited among free peasants and obliged to go to war on their own account at the request of the rulers, for tax exemption or the right to use royal estates. Over the centuries this social category has undergone significant changes, not only numerically but also in terms of social and legal status. In the 18th century, with the decline of military importance of the călăraşi, their secondary tasks were maintained and extended. The privileges enjoyed by this social category were confirmed by rulers, similar to the privileged classes of society. Upon annexation of Bessarabia to Russia călăraşi kept only auxiliary functions, being considered serving for local governments, persons responsible for local security; during wartime they participated in the finding of carts for the transportation of supplies, etc. Călăraşi formed indigenous militia and were at the command of ispravnic for the execution of different tasks in the counties. They were employed in the service from the free villages exempted of any drudgery and tax, but a military billeting; they immediately obeyed ispravnic’s orders, receiving annual payment in money. Over time, the tsarist government, as with other social groups, tried to regulate this category of servants, limiting their activities, reducing substantially its number and fitting it into some legal rules. For this purpose there even was made up a regulation statute for călăraşi. Despite privileges enjoyed by this social category, the situation of călăraşi was not easy, as evidenced by the many complaints from them at various district and regional administrative offices.Item NOBILI DIN ŢINUTUL HOTIN ÎN STATISTICA RUSĂ DIN 1820(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich factual material, the author analyzes Russian statistics from 1820 as a source in the study of various demographic problems that occurred in Bessarabia in the first decades after annexation. The author ascertains that in the scientific research in the field of historical sciences, the historian/researcher uses different categories of historical sources, based on which he analyzes the question; the statistic is an important source in studying the history of different social categories, including the nobility .Item RECENSĂMINTELE ŞI STATISTICA OFICIALĂ RUSĂ – SURSE IMPORTANTE PENTRU STUDIEREA PROCESELOR DEMOGRAFICE ŞI SITUAŢIEI SOCIAL-ECONOMICE A BASARABIEI ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich factual material, the author analyzes two types of historical sources in studying of demographic and socio-economic problems of Bessarabia in the modern era - censuses (especially tax censuses) and official Russian statistics (perfected by local district / county or central / regional government institutions). The author ascertains that the historical research of the historian / researcher is based on various historical sources, on the basis of which he analyzes the question, censuses and statistics are important sources in the study of the history of Bessarabia.