Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy
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Item RECENSĂMÂNTUL GENERAL AL POPULAȚIEI IMPERIULUI RUS DIN ANUL 1897: PROIECȚII DEMOGRAFICE, SOCIALE, ETNO-LINGVISTICE ȘI CONFESIONALE ALE BASARABIEI(2018) Boțolin, SergiuStudiul abordează modul de organizare și efectuare a recensământului general al populației din Imperiul Rus de la 1897. Identificarea actorilor, metodologiei și etapelor de derulare a recensământului permit elucidarea specificului acestui demers în cazul Imperiului Rus. Totodată, obiectivitatea datelor este pusă la îndoială de numărul mare de lacune constatate, atât de ordin operațional, cât și metodologic. Deficiențele recensământului general, cât și modul în care s-a încercat depășirea acestora, considerăm că sunt simptomatice pentru întreg sistemul administrativ al Imperiului Rus. Pentru Basarabia, conturarea tabloului demografic, social și etno-confesional determină locul specific al acestei gubernii în cadrul Imperiului Rus și evidențiază efectele politicilor întreprinse de centru la periferie.Item PANEM ET CIRCENSES: REGIMUL SOVIETIC ŞI STUDENŢII ŞCOLILOR SUPERIOARE DIN RSS MOLDOVENEASCĂ ÎN ANII FOAMETEI (1946-1947)(2018) Rotaru, LilianaThe problem of overcoming the famine phenomenon (1946-1947) by the urban population of the Moldovan SSR remained less studied compared to the famine of the rural population, where the phenomenon was carried out with an ostentatious drama. The present study reveals the policy of the Soviet authorities towards one of the least representative demographic categories of the Moldovan cities – the students of the higher education institutions and the reasons why the Soviet authorities had a special attitude towards them in the years of famine, a study which, along with further research, completes the information about organized famine in Soviet Moldova. Based on the information from the archive files and memories of former students in the years of famine, we find that the Soviet regime was deeply concerned about the material and living conditions of students, regulating their food in the years of fa mine through several decisions of the state and party authorities. At the same time, the regime ordered the total involvement of students in political and ideological education activities, including their free time. The Soviet State had the intention to create social and national loyalties, and thus created for students, in 1946-1947, concerted conditions in order to not distract them from the process of educating the Soviet man, who later built the communist society in Moldovan SSR.Item POLITICI IMPERIALE PROMOVATE ÎN SCOPUL DISCIPLINĂRII ŞI UNIFORMIZĂRII SOCIETĂŢII NOBILIARE BASARABENE(2019) Gherasim, CristinaLa disciplinerité represente le phénomène qui aimpliqué la mise en place d’un dispositif complexe de réorganisations, de la discipline et de l’éducation des émotions, de la morale, de valeurs et des comportements despersonnes et il a eu un rôle important dans le développement de la civilisation européen. Cela represente généralement une série d’activité successive des rois, de l’état et d’autres tribunaux tels que l’église et l’école pour contrôler,discipliner et éduquer former soialement les populations du ontinent européen. Il convient de mentionner que le processus de discipline de la société noble s’est également déroulé et dans la Russie tsariste, en particulier à partir des rigueurs encore imposées du temps du tsar Pierre I-er, complétées par d’autres lois faisant référence aux modèles mondains et quotidiens de dvorenim. Après l’annexion de la Bessarabie à l’empire russe, l’administration tsariste, en train de créer une base sociale fidèle en la personne du boyarisme indigène, a promu diverses politiques visant à uniformiser et discipliner l’élite locale. Ces politiques ont été mises en œuvre grâce à un système élaboré par des réglementations ciblant à la fois le statut socio-politique et économique, ainsi que la formation, les promotions (décorations, récompenses, diplômes et grades), les médias et les actions publiquesItem SURSELE ISTORICE ÎN STUDIEREA MENTALITĂȚII NOBILIMII DIN BASARABIA ÎN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA(2018) Gherasim, CristinaThe article based on specialised literature analyses issues connected to the research sources of the mentality of bassarabian nobility. Starting from the ideea that mentality is a result of a long history developement, comprising a system of all from of collective events conscious and subconscious (atti tudes, behavior, visions of life, religion, time, location, identity, myth, symbols, utopia). To study the topic we must use all existing historical resources, official documents issued by administration, as well as literary work and private correspondence, furniture and clothing, parks and homes, leasure activities, music etc. Only by having done an extensive study of all mentioned aspects we could have a real and complete image of the nobility of Bassarabia from in the XIXth centry.Item ASPECTE COMPARATIVE ALE EVOLUŢIEI BASARABIEI ŞI NOVOROSIEI. PRIVIRE GENERALĂ ASUPRA SITUAŢIEI DEMOGRAFICE, SOCIALE ŞI ECONOMICE (ANII ’30-’50 AI SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich and varied documentary material found from various archive funds from the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, the author takes a general look at the demographic, social and economic situation of Bessarabia compared to the three Gubernyas of Novorossia - Herson, Tau- rida and Ekaterinoslav. The archive data show an obvious trend of population growth in Bessarabia and the three gubernyas of Novorossia, although this trend, for some gubernyas, is not constant. If for the region of Bessarabia and gubernyas of Ekaterinoslav and Taurida, this tendency is positive and evident for the entire period of time, then for the Herson gubernya this trend, for the year 1854, is negative, the diminution being related to the disaster caused to the population by the Crimean war. The increase in the population of the Taurida gu- bernya, directly involved in the Crimean War events, which naturally should had a neg- ative evolution, was due to the immigration from the Russian internal gubernyas of the serf peasants, who hoped to escape from the serfdom by participating in the war. The rhythms of population growth in Bessarabia, the three gubernyas of Novorossia, depended on multiple factors, the natural ones being the colonization with Transdanubian colonists, Germans, etc. and emigrants from Russian internal gubernyas. From a social and economic point of view, both Bessarabia and the gubernyas of Novorossia, where serfdom did not exist or had a weaker influence, where the products from held the character of commodities, as agricultural farms, both of landowners and peasants, involved in the market relations, attesting a the large number of guild merchants, especially of the fi rst two guilds, who maintained close ties with the foreign markets through the ports on the Black Sea coast, the Azov Sea, on the Danube, the place of Bessarabia being quite important, especially in the export of cereals.Item PARTICULARITĂŢI ALE POLITICII IMPERIALE RUSE ÎN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA (PRIVIRE GENERALĂ)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this article the author ascertains that Tsarism promoted in Bessarabia a colonial policy of rusification and denationalization by imposing Russian national and spiritual values, foreign to the detriment of the native ones, while the lack of state unity and national independence, political domination and economic exploitation, creating of cosmopolitan social states directly influenced this process.Item EVOLUŢIA INSTITUŢIILOR PUBLICE LOCALE DIN BASARABIA SUB DOMINAŢIE IMPERIALĂ RUSĂ (PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinAfter the Regulation of February 29, 1828, the limited and provisional autonomy that Bessarabia enjoyed for 10 years was liquidated, and the province was included in the economic and political system of the Russian Empire. Shortly afterwards, on September 26, 1830, the Dniester Customs Cordon was suppressed and transferred to the Prut and Danube, the guild structure was established, the Ismail City Administration was established, and Bessarabia was included in the economic and political system of the Russian Empire. Respectively, these changes necessitated certain changes at the regional, county and local administrative level. If in the central and regional institutions the imperial administration operated more radical changes in local public administration, tsarism was forced, for a certain period of time, to maintain local traditions, actively engaging in its change after the adoption of the Bessarabian Peasants Regulation of January 24, 1834, and liquidating entirely the old system of administration only from January 1, 1861, replacing it with Russian volost’ government.Item NOBILI DIN ŢINUTUL HOTIN ÎN STATISTICA RUSĂ DIN 1820(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich factual material, the author analyzes Russian statistics from 1820 as a source in the study of various demographic problems that occurred in Bessarabia in the first decades after annexation. The author ascertains that in the scientific research in the field of historical sciences, the historian/researcher uses different categories of historical sources, based on which he analyzes the question; the statistic is an important source in studying the history of different social categories, including the nobility .Item RECENSĂMINTELE ŞI STATISTICA OFICIALĂ RUSĂ – SURSE IMPORTANTE PENTRU STUDIEREA PROCESELOR DEMOGRAFICE ŞI SITUAŢIEI SOCIAL-ECONOMICE A BASARABIEI ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich factual material, the author analyzes two types of historical sources in studying of demographic and socio-economic problems of Bessarabia in the modern era - censuses (especially tax censuses) and official Russian statistics (perfected by local district / county or central / regional government institutions). The author ascertains that the historical research of the historian / researcher is based on various historical sources, on the basis of which he analyzes the question, censuses and statistics are important sources in the study of the history of Bessarabia.