Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/8
Browse
7 results
Search Results
Item INVESTIGAŢIILE ARHEOLOGICE LA AŞEZAREA TRACO-GETICĂ SAHARNA „LA ŞANŢ” (CAMPANIA 2007)(2008) Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, MihailArchaeological researches at the site of Saharna „La Şanţ” (situated near Saharna and Saharna Nouă villages, Rezina region) were continued in 2007. The excavations covered an area of 140 m² and yielded four household pits containing varied ceramic material. The occupation layer of the settlement was 0,4-0,9 m thick and contained a fragment of a iron spearhead, a bronze three-bladed arrowhead, stone implements, bones, clay and numerous fragments of pottery. The excavated objects allow to suppose the existence of two cultural-chronological horizons dating back to the early Hallstatt period – the “Cozia-Saharna” culture and the Thraco-Getian period (7th/6th to 3d c. B.C.).Item TIPOLOGIA ŞI EVOLUŢIA CONSTRUCŢIILOR DEFENSIVE DIN SPAŢIUL EST-CARPATIC ÎN SECOLELE XII/XI-III A. CHR.(2011) Zanoci, AurelИсследование оборонительных сооружений XII/XI-III вв до н.э. в восточно-карпатских землях позволило проследить как общие тенденции, так и различия в процессе эволюции их строительства. К общим тенденциям необходимо причислить: использование одинаковых строительных материалов (древесина, земля, камень и др.); строительство деревянных каркасов для консолидации оборонительных стен и др. Различия прослеживаются в распространении типов оборонительных сооружений. Если для XII/XI-VIII вв. до н.э. больше характерны конструкции типа III, то в VII/VI-III вв. до н.э. чаще встречаются оборонительные стены типа II и IV. С веками также увеличивается количество камня, используемого для строительства оборонительных сооружений. Одним из новшеств V/IV-III вв. до н.э. является строительство каменных оборонительных стен. Такие сооружения больше характерны для эллинистического мира. Техника строительства укреплений из камня, вероятнее всего, проникла в восточно-карпатские земли посредством греческих колоний североападного Причерноморья.Item LOCUINŢELE COMUNITĂŢILOR HALLSTATTIENE DIN SPAŢIUL EST-CARPATIC ÎN SECOLELE XII-VIII A. CHR. (tradiţii, deosebiri culturale şi perspectivele cercetării comparative)(2010) Kaşuba, Maia; Zanoci, AurelDen Schwerpunkt dieser Untersuchung stellen frühe und mittelhallstattzeitliche Fundkontexte des 12. - 8. Jh. v. Chr.. aus dem ostkarpatischen Gebiet (Abb. 1) dar, die hier aus der Perspektive des Wohnungsbaues analysiert werden (Abb. 2; Tafel 1). Auf der Grundlage der bisherigen Einsätze zahlreicher Forscher zu den Wohnbauten der ausgehenden Bronze- und der frühen Eisenzeit aus dieser Region werden die Grundprinzipien ihrer Klassifizie- rung vorgeschlagen (Abb. 3). Diese beziehen sich auf 102 Befunde, die der Kulturen Hava-Holigrad-Grăniceşti, Chişinău-Corlăteni, Tămăoani-Holercani, Cozia-Saharna und Basarabi-Şoldăneşti einzuordnen sind (Abb. 7; 10- 11; 16; 18). Die durchgeführte Analyse und die vorgeschlagene Klassifikation haben gezeigt, dass die Verwendung vom Holz und Ton für den Bau der leichten Hauswände sowie eines leichten Daches zu den Hauptmerkmalen der hallstattzeitlichen Bautradition im ostkarpatischen Raum des 12. - 8. Jh. v. Chr. gehört. Für die Cozia-Saharna- Kutur lässt sich eine zusätzliche Bearbeitung mittels „Verputzen“ und Anstreichen der Wände feststellen, während für die Kulturen Cozia-Saharna und Basarabi-Şoldăneşti anhand der festgestellten Gruben in den Wohnhäusern auch das Vorhandensein der Fußböden in der Innenausstattung anzunehmen ist. Der führende Typ des Wohnbaus im 12. - 8. Jh. v. Chr. war in allen untersuchten hallstattzeitlichen Kulturen der ostkarpatischen Region das leichte ebenerdige Haus, dessen aus einem Holzgerüst bestehende Wände mit Lehm getüncht wurden. Es tauchen Hal- berdhütten mit Holzgerüstwänden (Hava-Holigrad-Grăniceşti-Kultur) und – von der Form des Daches her – pult- dachförmige (Kulturen Chişinău-Corlăteni und Cozia-Saharna) sowie Halberdhütten mit einem konischen Dach (Cozia-Saharna-Kultur) auf. Die Wohnfläche der Erdhütten, deren Baugruben sowohl eine ovale als auch eine run- de Form aufweisen, ist nicht sehr groß. Was die Organisation des häuslichen Raumes angeht, so lässt sich in allen erwähnten Kulturen des Untersuchungsraumes eine horizontale Tendenz beobachten. Außerdem sind an einigen Fundstellen der Kulturen Cozia-Saharna und Basarabi-Şoldăneşti auch Merkmale einer vertikalen Organisation des Wohnraumes festzustellen. Es ist wichtig darauf hinzuweisen, dass die durchgeführte Analyse der Wohn- bauten des 12. - 8. Jh. v. Chr. in der ostkarpatischen Region auf keine Spuren schließen lässt, die direkt mit den rituellen Handlungen bei der Errichtung der Wohnhäuser verbunden wären. Weitere Forschungsmöglichkeiten bieten sich allerdings bei der Durchführung einer vergleichenden Untersuchung der Wohnbautradition aus dem nördlichen Schwarzmeergebiet an. Chronologisch gesehen würde eine solche Analyse nicht nur die Wohnbauten, die synchronisch mit der hallstattzeitlichen Kulturen der ostkarpatischen Region sind, sondern auch diejenige aus einem breiteren Zeitraum einschließen.Item CERCETĂRILE ARHEOLOGICE LA SITUL TRACO-GETIC SAHARNA „LA ŞANŢ” (CAMPANIA 2006)(2007) Zanoci, Aurel; Băţ, MihailDuring the archeological researches conducted near Saharna and Saharna Noua villages a new fortified settlement was discovered – Saharna “La Şanţ”. It is located eastward of the fortified settlement Saharna Mare, on the steep bank of a deep ravine (fig. 1/1). The site of ancient settlement is semi-oval shaped, 180×65 m in size (fig. 1/2).The settlement was protected by the steep bank of the ravine on the north side and by a defence construction on the west, east and south sides. Five household pits containing various ceramic material (fig. 2; 3) were discovered following archeological researches conducted in 2006. Four spinning spindles, fragment of a stone grain grater and numerous fragments of ceramic vessels were discovered in the cultural layer of the settlement (fig. 4-6). The discovered inventory can be dated with the 6 th -3rd c. BC.Item SISTEMUL DEFENSIV AL CETĂŢII DIN EPOCA FIERULUI – SAHARNA MARE(2007) Niculiţă, Ion; Zanoci, Aurel; Arnăut, TudorToday over 82 Iron Age monuments are known in the area of the Middle Dniester, Central Moldavian Hills. The most impressive monuments are situated on high promontories and heights close to Saharna village, Republic of Moldova. These sites of ancient settlements and villages are known since the end of the 40s of the 20 th c., when G. D. Smirnov carried out the first reconnaissance excavations. Saharna Mare settlement stands out among these monuments. Since 2001 systematic archeological research has been carried out on the site. Saharna Mare is situat- ed on a high stony triangular promontory surrounded from all sides by deep inaccessible ravines. The promontory is accessible only from the South. Archeological research proves that the site was populated as early as the Early Iron Age when a Hallstatt settlement of Saharna-Solonceni type was founded there. Consequently the promontory was fortified in the south by a complex system of defence. It contained a wall which went from south-east to north- west, with a ditch and three semicircular ramparts in the centre and flanks. A comprehensive study of Saharna Mare fortifications offers certain corrections to our understanding of the con- struction methods at ancient settlements in the 1 st millennium BC. Remains of earth mounds almost always are wrecks of a once erected “wall”. The analysis of the main line of defensive system and two ramparts (the third is demolished) has shown that the fortification was constructed out of a timber wooden drainage placed on the lev- elled surface. In order to save the wooden flooring from moisture the gap was filled by sand. The timber drainage which was the footing of the fortification was pierced by poles located evenly and strengthened by longitudinal and transversal beams on different levels. This wooden carcass was filled by earth, stones, sand and clay. To ensure the preservation of the fortification the framework was filled by building material layer by layer. The outer sides of walls of the majority of settlements which were constructed following these methods have a 2-2,7 m wide berm. It was used as a base for a construction of clay and crushed stones aimed at protecting the wooden wall from fires, and it was thicker at its bottom and narrowing on its way to the top. Ca. 2 meters away from its southern outer side a ditch was dug, with its width at the mouth varying between 16,5- 18,0 m. Excavations have shown that in antiquity the width of the ditch on the surface was ca. 15,6 m, at the bottom – 6,1 m, the depth was 3,2 m, and its 2,1 m was dug out of the stony base of the promontory. Horseshoe-shaped ramparts which were bordering the ditch were built using the same methodology. The precise time of erection and demolition of the defences is so far difficult to establish with any precision. Following the analysis of the discovered material it is obvious that all of them were intact and functioning in the 4 th –3d c. BCItem CONSTRUCŢII DE SUPRAFAŢĂ DIN SITURILE DE LA SAHARNA(2008) Niculiţă, Ion; Zanoci, Aurel; Arnăut, TudorSeveral Iron Age monuments are known in the village of Saharna, Rezina region. For a few years planned archeo- logical research had been conducted in three of them: Saharna Mică, Saharna Mare and Saharna “La Şanţ”. In the course of research, it was established that Saharna Mare stony cape was first settled in the end of the 12th century B.C. In the 11th century B.C. an unfortified settlement existed here. By the end of this century or at the end of the next century, it was abandoned and the population moved to another area. As evidenced by the archaeological materials Saharna Mică cape was resettled by the 7 th century B.C. The most intensive economic development the settlement reached in the 6 th -5 th centuries B.C., and military development by the 4 th -3d centuries B.C. when it was fortified by a complicated system of fortified structures. On the ground of research conducted on the territory of the Saharna Mare settlement it was established that in the 6th -5 th centuries B.C. it occupied a considerable part of the cape and reached its peak of development in the 4 th -3d centuries B.C. According to the archeological materials, the fortified settlement of Saharna “La Şanţ” was established in the 7 th -6th centuries B.C., and later in the 5 th -4th centuries B.C. it was already fortified by a wooden-earthen structure. Follow-up studies will allow us to more accurately determine the time when the settlements were settled and then abandoned.Item PROFESORUL ION NICULIŢĂ LA 70 DE ANII(2009) Zanoci, Aurel; Arnăut, Tudor