Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy
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Item ISTORICUL DEMIR DRAGNEV LA VENERABILA VÂRSTĂ DE 80 DE ANI(2016) Tomuleț, ValentinItem MAZILII, RUPTAŞII ŞI RUPTELE ÎN PRINCIPATUL MOLDOVEI (a doua jumătate a secolului al XVIII-lea - începutul secolului al XIX-lea)(2021) Tomuleț, ValentinDans la présente étude, l’auteur analyse les deux catégories privilégiées de population dans la Principauté de Moldavie – les Mazilis et les Ruptaş et détermine les changements qui se sont produits au fil des ans dans le statut social et la contrainte fiscale, met en discussion les données de recensement réalisées par l’administration russe en Moldavie dans les années 1772, 1774 et 1808, qui permettent d’établir leur nombre, par rapport aux catégories sociales imposables, et à partir de là, mettre en évidence leur statut et situation économique. L’analyse des documents publiés, mais aussi des originaux des archives, mises dans le circuit scientifique par l’auteur permettent une connaissance détaillée de l’histoire des catégories sociales de la Principauté de Moldavie, en particulier de celles privilégiées, de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle - le début du XIXe siècle, offre de réelles possibilités pour comprendre ces changements intervenus plus tard en Bessarabie, après son annexion en 1812 à l’Empire russe, nous permettent de souligner de manière convaincante l’unité de structure et de développement historique héritée de la Principauté de Moldavie et mettre en évidence les changements structurels qui sont parvenus au sein de ces catégories sociales et fiscales sous la domination tsariste.Item REPERE ISTORIOGRAFICE PRIVIND RELAȚIILE COMERCIALE ALE BASARABIEI CU PRINCIPATUL MOLDOVEI (1812-1859)1(2021) Tomuleț, Valentin; Butnaru, AdrianaLes auteurs mettent en discussion le problème des relations commerciales de Bessarabie avec la Principauté de Moldavie dans les années 1812-1859 et constatent que le sujet cité ne constitue pas l’objet d’étude des recherches, ni dans l’historiographie moderne, ni dans celle contemporaine. On note qu’il y a peu de recherches sur ce sujet et même s’il en a, ils sont faits tangentiellement (vague) dans les travaux de synthèse dédiés à la vie socialeéconomique de la Bessarabie dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle, mais ils ne répondent pas aux exigences de la science historiographique contemporaine. Il n’y a pas encore de visions claires sur diverses questions liées à la politique commerciale-douanière du tsarisme en Bessarabie dans les premières années après son annexion à la Russie. Il manque de précision et de clarté dans la détermination de l’influence de la politique commerciale sur le développement du commerce de la Bessarabie avec les États voisins, y compris la Principauté de Moldavie, l’inclusion de la région dans le système du marché intérieur et du marché intérieur russe et du commerce international, etc. Respectivement, il permet l’approche scientifique de ce sujet.Item STATISTICA MILITARĂ RUSĂ DIN 1825 – SURSĂ DE PATRIMONIU ÎN STUDIEREA ISTORIEI ȚINUTULUI ORHEI(CEP UPS "Ion Creangă, 2021) Tomuleț, ValentinSelon les statistiques militaires russes de 1825, trouvées dans les fonds des Archives historiques militaires d'État Russe (Moscou), l'auteur analyse les changements survenus dans la du comté d'Orhei au milieu des années ’20 du XIX-ème siècle. Les statistiques établissaient avec une grande précision le nombre de logements et contenaient des informations détaillées sur les ménages céréaliers et des différentes catégories sociales au moment de l'établissement des statistiques. Cette information était d'une nécessité vitale pour les institutions impériales, en particulier lorsque l'Empire russe était engagé dans divers affrontements militaires dans les Balkans et que la Bessarabie, en tant que territoire frontalier ou de transit, devait fournir à l'armée russe tout le nécessaire.Item Item RECENSĂMÂNTUL FISCAL DIN 1835 – SURSĂ IMPORTANTĂ ÎN STUDIEREA STĂRILOR SOCIALE PRIVILEGIATE DIN BASARABIA (Exemplul boiernaşilor)(2020) Tomuleț, ValentinÎn studiul de față, bazat pe un bogat material de fapt, autorul analizează două tipuri de surse istorice în studierea problemelor demografice și socio-economice ale Basarabiei în epoca modernă - recensămintele (în special recensămintele fiscale) și statisticile oficiale ruse de către instituțiile guvernamentale locale / județene sau centrale / regionale). Autorul constată că cercetarea istorică a istoricului / cercetătorului se bazează pe diverse surse istorice, pe baza cărora analizează întrebarea, recensămintele și statisticile sunt surse importante în studiul istoriei Basarabiei.Item STATUTUL BOIERNAŞILOR DIN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(2020) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this study, the author explores the issue of the social status of boierinaşi in Bessarabia under Tsarist rule. The author notes that after the annexation of Bessarabia to the Russian Empire, the imperial authorities equated the boierinaşi with Russian personal nobles, granting them various privileges. The Regulations of the administrative organization of the Bessarabian region of April 29, 1818 says that “under the name of boierinaşi is meant a social class that is not of noble origin and has not reached the highest boyar posts, but who received the lowest ranks below the vel şătrar”. Paying attention not only to holding senior positions, but also to the role in the administrative institutions of the region, the Russian authorities from the very beginning did not approve of this social status, despite the fact that although the boierinaşi had not performed important administrative functions until that time, some of them belonged to very old families. In accordance with the Regulation on social status rights of the inhabitants of Bessarabia of March 10, 1847, the tsarist authorities equated the Bessarabian boierinaşi with the personal nobles of the Russian Empire, later calling them personal nobles. Consequently, the number of Bessarabian boierinaşi gradually began to decrease. If they did not perform any administrative functions, they were required to enter the category of mazili. Small boierinaşi were often seen as a kind of patriarchs of the peasant community. However, with the disappearance of the generations that witnessed the annexation of Bessarabia to the Russian Empire, their descendants replenished the ranks of mazili, and after the elimination of mazili as a social stratum and rutaşi as a fiscal category in 1847, they were considered odnodvortsy. Thus, the tsarist authorities, trying to eliminate the dissimilarity or inconsistency with the Russian social system, unified part of the Bessarabian social categories with the Russian ones, which led to the disappearance of the boyars as a social category.Item ASPECTE COMPARATIVE ALE EVOLUŢIEI BASARABIEI ŞI NOVOROSIEI. PRIVIRE GENERALĂ ASUPRA SITUAŢIEI DEMOGRAFICE, SOCIALE ŞI ECONOMICE (ANII ’30-’50 AI SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich and varied documentary material found from various archive funds from the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, the author takes a general look at the demographic, social and economic situation of Bessarabia compared to the three Gubernyas of Novorossia - Herson, Tau- rida and Ekaterinoslav. The archive data show an obvious trend of population growth in Bessarabia and the three gubernyas of Novorossia, although this trend, for some gubernyas, is not constant. If for the region of Bessarabia and gubernyas of Ekaterinoslav and Taurida, this tendency is positive and evident for the entire period of time, then for the Herson gubernya this trend, for the year 1854, is negative, the diminution being related to the disaster caused to the population by the Crimean war. The increase in the population of the Taurida gu- bernya, directly involved in the Crimean War events, which naturally should had a neg- ative evolution, was due to the immigration from the Russian internal gubernyas of the serf peasants, who hoped to escape from the serfdom by participating in the war. The rhythms of population growth in Bessarabia, the three gubernyas of Novorossia, depended on multiple factors, the natural ones being the colonization with Transdanubian colonists, Germans, etc. and emigrants from Russian internal gubernyas. From a social and economic point of view, both Bessarabia and the gubernyas of Novorossia, where serfdom did not exist or had a weaker influence, where the products from held the character of commodities, as agricultural farms, both of landowners and peasants, involved in the market relations, attesting a the large number of guild merchants, especially of the fi rst two guilds, who maintained close ties with the foreign markets through the ports on the Black Sea coast, the Azov Sea, on the Danube, the place of Bessarabia being quite important, especially in the export of cereals.Item PARTICULARITĂŢI ALE POLITICII IMPERIALE RUSE ÎN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA (PRIVIRE GENERALĂ)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this article the author ascertains that Tsarism promoted in Bessarabia a colonial policy of rusification and denationalization by imposing Russian national and spiritual values, foreign to the detriment of the native ones, while the lack of state unity and national independence, political domination and economic exploitation, creating of cosmopolitan social states directly influenced this process.