Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy
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Item ISTORICUL DEMIR DRAGNEV LA VENERABILA VÂRSTĂ DE 80 DE ANI(2016) Tomuleț, ValentinItem RECENSĂMÂNTUL FISCAL DIN 1835 – SURSĂ IMPORTANTĂ ÎN STUDIEREA STĂRILOR SOCIALE PRIVILEGIATE DIN BASARABIA (Exemplul boiernaşilor)(2020) Tomuleț, ValentinÎn studiul de față, bazat pe un bogat material de fapt, autorul analizează două tipuri de surse istorice în studierea problemelor demografice și socio-economice ale Basarabiei în epoca modernă - recensămintele (în special recensămintele fiscale) și statisticile oficiale ruse de către instituțiile guvernamentale locale / județene sau centrale / regionale). Autorul constată că cercetarea istorică a istoricului / cercetătorului se bazează pe diverse surse istorice, pe baza cărora analizează întrebarea, recensămintele și statisticile sunt surse importante în studiul istoriei Basarabiei.Item STATUTUL BOIERNAŞILOR DIN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(2020) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this study, the author explores the issue of the social status of boierinaşi in Bessarabia under Tsarist rule. The author notes that after the annexation of Bessarabia to the Russian Empire, the imperial authorities equated the boierinaşi with Russian personal nobles, granting them various privileges. The Regulations of the administrative organization of the Bessarabian region of April 29, 1818 says that “under the name of boierinaşi is meant a social class that is not of noble origin and has not reached the highest boyar posts, but who received the lowest ranks below the vel şătrar”. Paying attention not only to holding senior positions, but also to the role in the administrative institutions of the region, the Russian authorities from the very beginning did not approve of this social status, despite the fact that although the boierinaşi had not performed important administrative functions until that time, some of them belonged to very old families. In accordance with the Regulation on social status rights of the inhabitants of Bessarabia of March 10, 1847, the tsarist authorities equated the Bessarabian boierinaşi with the personal nobles of the Russian Empire, later calling them personal nobles. Consequently, the number of Bessarabian boierinaşi gradually began to decrease. If they did not perform any administrative functions, they were required to enter the category of mazili. Small boierinaşi were often seen as a kind of patriarchs of the peasant community. However, with the disappearance of the generations that witnessed the annexation of Bessarabia to the Russian Empire, their descendants replenished the ranks of mazili, and after the elimination of mazili as a social stratum and rutaşi as a fiscal category in 1847, they were considered odnodvortsy. Thus, the tsarist authorities, trying to eliminate the dissimilarity or inconsistency with the Russian social system, unified part of the Bessarabian social categories with the Russian ones, which led to the disappearance of the boyars as a social category.Item ASPECTE COMPARATIVE ALE EVOLUŢIEI BASARABIEI ŞI NOVOROSIEI. PRIVIRE GENERALĂ ASUPRA SITUAŢIEI DEMOGRAFICE, SOCIALE ŞI ECONOMICE (ANII ’30-’50 AI SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich and varied documentary material found from various archive funds from the Russian Federation, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova, the author takes a general look at the demographic, social and economic situation of Bessarabia compared to the three Gubernyas of Novorossia - Herson, Tau- rida and Ekaterinoslav. The archive data show an obvious trend of population growth in Bessarabia and the three gubernyas of Novorossia, although this trend, for some gubernyas, is not constant. If for the region of Bessarabia and gubernyas of Ekaterinoslav and Taurida, this tendency is positive and evident for the entire period of time, then for the Herson gubernya this trend, for the year 1854, is negative, the diminution being related to the disaster caused to the population by the Crimean war. The increase in the population of the Taurida gu- bernya, directly involved in the Crimean War events, which naturally should had a neg- ative evolution, was due to the immigration from the Russian internal gubernyas of the serf peasants, who hoped to escape from the serfdom by participating in the war. The rhythms of population growth in Bessarabia, the three gubernyas of Novorossia, depended on multiple factors, the natural ones being the colonization with Transdanubian colonists, Germans, etc. and emigrants from Russian internal gubernyas. From a social and economic point of view, both Bessarabia and the gubernyas of Novorossia, where serfdom did not exist or had a weaker influence, where the products from held the character of commodities, as agricultural farms, both of landowners and peasants, involved in the market relations, attesting a the large number of guild merchants, especially of the fi rst two guilds, who maintained close ties with the foreign markets through the ports on the Black Sea coast, the Azov Sea, on the Danube, the place of Bessarabia being quite important, especially in the export of cereals.Item PARTICULARITĂŢI ALE POLITICII IMPERIALE RUSE ÎN BASARABIA ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA (PRIVIRE GENERALĂ)(2019) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this article the author ascertains that Tsarism promoted in Bessarabia a colonial policy of rusification and denationalization by imposing Russian national and spiritual values, foreign to the detriment of the native ones, while the lack of state unity and national independence, political domination and economic exploitation, creating of cosmopolitan social states directly influenced this process.Item EVOLUŢIA INSTITUŢIILOR PUBLICE LOCALE DIN BASARABIA SUB DOMINAŢIE IMPERIALĂ RUSĂ (PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinAfter the Regulation of February 29, 1828, the limited and provisional autonomy that Bessarabia enjoyed for 10 years was liquidated, and the province was included in the economic and political system of the Russian Empire. Shortly afterwards, on September 26, 1830, the Dniester Customs Cordon was suppressed and transferred to the Prut and Danube, the guild structure was established, the Ismail City Administration was established, and Bessarabia was included in the economic and political system of the Russian Empire. Respectively, these changes necessitated certain changes at the regional, county and local administrative level. If in the central and regional institutions the imperial administration operated more radical changes in local public administration, tsarism was forced, for a certain period of time, to maintain local traditions, actively engaging in its change after the adoption of the Bessarabian Peasants Regulation of January 24, 1834, and liquidating entirely the old system of administration only from January 1, 1861, replacing it with Russian volost’ government.Item STATUTUL CĂLĂRAŞILOR DIN BASARABIA: DE LA ADMINISTRAŢIA MOLDOVENEASCĂ LA CEA IMPERIALĂ RUSĂ(2013) Tomuleț, ValentinIn this study, based on archival and published sources, the author analyzes the status of călăraşi based on the comparative approach: from the Moldovan traditions to Russian imperial administrative system. The author ascertains that călăraşi as the guards’ category were mentioned in the documentary information from the 16th century, as being recruited among free peasants and obliged to go to war on their own account at the request of the rulers, for tax exemption or the right to use royal estates. Over the centuries this social category has undergone significant changes, not only numerically but also in terms of social and legal status. In the 18th century, with the decline of military importance of the călăraşi, their secondary tasks were maintained and extended. The privileges enjoyed by this social category were confirmed by rulers, similar to the privileged classes of society. Upon annexation of Bessarabia to Russia călăraşi kept only auxiliary functions, being considered serving for local governments, persons responsible for local security; during wartime they participated in the finding of carts for the transportation of supplies, etc. Călăraşi formed indigenous militia and were at the command of ispravnic for the execution of different tasks in the counties. They were employed in the service from the free villages exempted of any drudgery and tax, but a military billeting; they immediately obeyed ispravnic’s orders, receiving annual payment in money. Over time, the tsarist government, as with other social groups, tried to regulate this category of servants, limiting their activities, reducing substantially its number and fitting it into some legal rules. For this purpose there even was made up a regulation statute for călăraşi. Despite privileges enjoyed by this social category, the situation of călăraşi was not easy, as evidenced by the many complaints from them at various district and regional administrative offices.Item NOBILI DIN ŢINUTUL HOTIN ÎN STATISTICA RUSĂ DIN 1820(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich factual material, the author analyzes Russian statistics from 1820 as a source in the study of various demographic problems that occurred in Bessarabia in the first decades after annexation. The author ascertains that in the scientific research in the field of historical sciences, the historian/researcher uses different categories of historical sources, based on which he analyzes the question; the statistic is an important source in studying the history of different social categories, including the nobility .Item RECENSĂMINTELE ŞI STATISTICA OFICIALĂ RUSĂ – SURSE IMPORTANTE PENTRU STUDIEREA PROCESELOR DEMOGRAFICE ŞI SITUAŢIEI SOCIAL-ECONOMICE A BASARABIEI ÎN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA(2018) Tomuleț, ValentinIn the present study, based on a rich factual material, the author analyzes two types of historical sources in studying of demographic and socio-economic problems of Bessarabia in the modern era - censuses (especially tax censuses) and official Russian statistics (perfected by local district / county or central / regional government institutions). The author ascertains that the historical research of the historian / researcher is based on various historical sources, on the basis of which he analyzes the question, censuses and statistics are important sources in the study of the history of Bessarabia.