The serfdom (veciniya) from the Principality of Moldavia: genesis, evolution, abolition is a controversial problem in historiography. The process of serfdom’s genesis in medieval Moldavia can be traced throughout the XVIth century. In the XVIIth century the serfdom was a wide-spread institution here. In the XVIIIth century its degradation was visible therefore was taken the decision from 1749 of its abolition.