Facultatea de Istorie şi Filosofie / Faculty of History and Philosophy

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Author: search.filters.author.Bercu, Igor

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    „Re’âyâ-lele” otomane, capete de pod pentru controlul domniilor Tării Moldovei (sfârșitul secolului al XV-lea – începutul secolului al XVIII-lea) [Articol]
    (Lexon-Prim, 2023) Bercu, Igor
    The Ottoman conquests from the end of the 15th century to the beginning of the 18th century, the annexation and creation of several administrative-territorial units in the Prut-Dniester area, had direct consequences on the political-legal status of the Principality of Moldavia. One of the main missions of the decision-makers in the Ottoman „re’âyâs” was the closer supervision of the movements and policies promoted by the Moldavian Princes, in order to maintain their hegemony in the region. Thus, the Ottoman „re’âyâs” became nests of permanent intrigues against the Princes of Moldavia. In this situation, the later sought to maintain the best relations with the serhat beys, especially with the sancâkbeys of Akkerman, Bender, and Khotin. There were registered cases when the Moldavian Princes personally intervened with the decision-makers of the Ottoman Porte by offering substantial rewards for the appointment of Ottoman serhat beys loyal to them.
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    POLITICI IMPERIALE OTOMANE ÎN “RE ÂYA-LELE” DIN SPAŢIUL PRUTO-NISTREN (SFÂRŞITUL SECOLULUI AL XVI-LEA – ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)
    (2016) Bercu, Igor
    The Ottoman Empire has been created on various judicial traditions and evolved during the centuries from a small principality (beylik) on the margins of the Islamic world to a world power. As a product of seizing numerous Islamic and Christian peoples with various ethno-cultural, social and political peculiarities, the Ottoman Empire becomes the sole political force to represent the Islâm. An important element in the consolidation of the Ottoman Empire in the north territories of Black Sea during the 15th-18th centuries were the territorial annexations and the subsequent imposition of direct jurisdiction and Ottoman policies in different domains. As a result of these processes, there followed important administrative, economic, spiritual and demographic changes in the „re’âyas” created on the territory of the Principality of Moldavia.
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    VIAȚA RELIGIOASĂ ÎN RAIALELE OTOMANE DE PE TERITORIUL ȚĂRII MOLDOVEI (începutul secolului al XVIII-lea – începutul secolului al XIX-lea)
    (2015) Bercu, Igor
    The characteristics of these administrative-territorial units were very close to the Ottoman bey-lic in terms of administrative, political, economic and fiscal regimes imposed, but also in what concerned the imposition of Islamic religious institutions in the Christian dominated milieu. In the linguistic and religious sense, the population of the cities and territories conquered by the Ottomans was very diverse. The majority were Eastern Orthodox, Catholics and Monophisite Armenians. After the Ottoman conquest, the proportion of Muslims increased dramatically as compared to the Christian population. This process had as a result, among others, the implantation of Islamic religious institutions in the conquered areas. Only in the second half of the 18th century and beginning of the next one these processes are interrupted, as a result numerous Russian-Ottoman and Russian-Austrian-Ottoman wars. As a consequence, the Islamic population starts to move back to other provinces of the Ottoman Empire.
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    CONSIDERAȚII PRIVIND REGIMUL JURIDIC AL NEMUSULMANILOR DIN KAZÂ-LELE OTOMANE DE PE TERITORIUL ŢĂRII MOLDOVEI (SFÂRȘITUL SECOLULUI AL XV-LEA – ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA)
    (2015) Bercu, Igor
    The fate of the Principality of Moldavia since late 15th to 18th centuries has been marked several times by violent interventions of the Ottoman Empire that resulted among others in significant territorial anexations. The territorial acquisitions resulted in administrative-territorial entities under the direct jurisdiction of the Porte and this had impact on the status of the non-Muslim population from the kazâ-s. The inhabitants from these Ottoman territories were included in dâr ul-Islâm, „The House of Islam”, meaning the territories under the sovereignity of the sultân, i.e. of the Ottoman Empire itself. The status of the so-called internal non-Muslims or of the re’âya-s, were established according to the Coran and the so-called ordonanced and prescriptions of Umar (Omar). The relations between Muslim and non-Muslim communities was established according to a pact or contract called zimmet which stipulated tolerance and protection of the latter. Thus, this category of population – called also harbî – that enjoyed their own religious life, when accepting to pay the tribute and respect the Islamic norms related to the the protection of life and properties were considered to belong legally to the ehl-i zimmet or zimmis categories, i.e. „the persons of the pact” or „protected persons”. The non-Muslim population (zimmî-s) of the Ottoman Empire enjoyed almost the same rights as the Muslim population not only in respect to the protection of their properties and liberties, but also thier lives. In conclusion, the status of non-Muslims, including that of the Christian Moldavians from the Ottoman ruled territories of the Principality of Moldavia was similar to that of the other non-Muslims from other parts of the Ottoman Empire (zimmî of the dâr ul-Islâm). In the latter period however, as a result of the changes in relations between the civil and spiritual authorities of the Ottoman Empire there were recorded changes in the status of the non-Muslim population of the re’âya-s.
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    STEMA ȚĂRII MOLDOVEI: CAP DE BOUR SAU CAP DE ZIMBRU?
    (Biblioteca Științifică Centrală„Andrei Lupan”, 2019) Bercu, Igor
    The heraldic coat of arms of the Principality of Moldavia represents a plastic composition of the historical past. The central element of this heraldic ensemble is the head of an aurochs. The contradictory historiographical discussions regarding the taurine species from the coat of arms of the Principality of Moldavia have started since the end of the 19th century. Research of the oldest sources of a fragmentary nature, monetary testimonies, manuscripts, chronicles, various documents attesting to the existence of such heraldic compositions proves that once the state independence of the Principality of Molda- via is obtained the head of an aurochs became the main element of the coat of arms. Throughout, the image of the taurine changes and depicts a transitional form, from an aurochs to a bull. In the nineteenth century there were important changes in the representation of the heraldic image, the head of the aurochs being transformed into a bull head on the royal seals of the Principality of Moldavia.