Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Orobanche cumana

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    Resilience of sunflower crop under biotic stress conditions
    (CEP USM, 2024) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Elenciuc, Daniela
    Orobanche cumana Wallr., commonly known as sunflower broomrape, is a parasitic plant that severely affects sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop, causing significant production losses worldwide. This plant attaches to sunflower roots, extracting nutrients and water, leading to stunted growth and reduced seed yield. Traditional control methods, such as crop rotation and the use of genetically resistant sunflower varieties, have proven insufficient due to the adaptability and evolution of the parasite. Advances in molecular biology and genomics, such as the use of molecular markers and next-generation sequencing, facilitate the identification of qualitative and quantitative resistance genes (marker assisted selection), as well as gene pyramiding, supporting the development of resistant hybrids. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 and RNA interference offer promising opportunities for creating more resistant sunflower genotypes. In addition, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms improve the efficiency of selection programs. This multidisciplinary approach is essential to control parasite and ensure sustainable sunflower production. Present review aims to summarise current knowledge and research gaps in methods to control broomrape and to develop resistance against parasitic plants.
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    VARIABILITATEA UNOR POPULAȚII DE LUPOAIE ORIGINARE DIN CHINA. MORFOMETRIA ȘI IDENTIFICAREA RASELOR (I)
    (Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2021) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana; Bivol, Ina; Wang, Chao
    The article is a synthesis of some studies on the identification of broomrape races originating from China and the determination of the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds. The racial status of the analyzed populations was established, also two races of broomrape were identified: race G (Ch1 from Inner Mongolia and Ch3 from HeBei) and race H (Ch2 from Inner Mongolia) using internationally recognized differential Or homosygous lines set. Comparative analyses on the morphometric characteristics of broomrape revealed significant differences in seed Length (Ch1 and Ch3 populations, race G) and Length/width ratio (Ch3 and Ch4), which is an indication of the moderate level of interpopulation variability. In the case of assess of the intrapopulation variability level, the relatively homogeneous (Ch2, Ch3 and Ch4) and relatively heterogeneous (Ch1) populations were identified. According to the coefficient of variation, the population Ch2 identified as H broomrape race has distinguished as the most homogeneous for the investigated biometric indices of the seeds. The moderate positive correlations (between Length and width seed, between seed length and L/w ratio), the strong positive correlations (between Length and L/w ratio) and also the strong negative correlations (between width and L/w ratio) were established. The results obtained through Pearson coefficient revealed the discrimination of populations by region.
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    STUDIES OF BROOMRAPE POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED GENETIC DIVERSITY
    (CEP USM, 2021) Bivol, Ina; Mutu, Ana
    In the present investigation an effort was made to identify of broomrape races originating from China and study the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds and also the molecular markers
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    ANALIZĂ EXPLORATIVĂ PRIVIND DOMENIILE DE CERCETARE A FLORII-SOARELUI LA NIVEL GLOBAL
    (CEP USM, 2021) Martea, Rodica; Gâscă, Ion; Cucereavîi, Aliona
    Datorită cantității și calității uleiul de floarea-soarelui (Helianthus annuus L.), utilizat pe larg în nutriția umană, astăzi floarea-soarelui este a patra cultură oleaginoasă în lume după soia, palmier și rapiță și economic cea mai importantă plantă de câmp în Republica Moldova utilizată în industria alimentară. În calitate de obiect de studiu au servit informațiile privind specia H. annuus L. stocate în diferite baze de date ale portalului NCBI. Analiza explorativă a fost realizată în baza a 30 de cuvinte-cheie, fiind incluși cei mai importanți termeni de specialitate utilizați în dezvoltarea sustenabilă a ramurii, inclusiv: productivitate (la calitate  ulei și la cantitate  recoltă), care reprezintă obiectivul major în eficiența economică de exploatare a culturii; factori de stres biotic (lupoaie, mană, fomopsis, putregai alb, putregai cenușiu etc.), care este cea mai numeroasă clasă de investigare, întrucât constituie factori limitativi ai productivității; factori de stres abiotic (temperatură, umiditate, schimbări climatice etc.), precum și tehnologii de cultivare (îngrășăminte, pesticide, erbicide, asolament etc.). În rezultat s-a evidențiat un total de 250451 de înregistrări. În concordanță cu așteptările ipotetice, se remarcă un volum semnificativ de informații în formă de surse bibliografice (Literature), care includ articole științifice recenzate. Dintre domeniile de cercetare a florii-soarelui incluse în studiu se remarcă cercetările genetice, cu cele mai multe date unice la nivel mondial, în timp ce studiile fitotehnice demonstrează cel mai redus nivel.