Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences

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    STUDIES OF BROOMRAPE POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED GENETIC DIVERSITY
    (CEP USM, 2021) Bivol, Ina; Mutu, Ana
    In the present investigation an effort was made to identify of broomrape races originating from China and study the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds and also the molecular markers
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    STUDIES OF BROOMRAPE POPULATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED GENETIC DIVERSITY
    (CEP USM, 2021) Bivol, Ina; Mutu, Ana
    In the present investigation an effort was made to identify of broomrape races originating from China and study the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds and also the molecular markers. The racial status of the analyzed populations was established, also two races of broomrape were identified: race G (Ch1 population from Inner Mongolia and Ch3 from Hebei) and race H (Ch2 from Inner Mongolia) using internationally recognized a set of differential Or homozygotes lines. Comparative analyzes on the morphometric characteristics of broomrape seeds performed by descriptive statistical analysis and correlative association revealed significant differences in seed length (Ch1 and Ch3) and length/width ratio (Ch3 and Ch4 from Xianjiang), which is an indication of the moderate level of interpopulation variability. In the case of assess of the intrapopulation variability level, depending on the coefficient of variation of the analyzed parameter, the relatively homogeneous (Ch2, Ch3 and Ch4) and relatively heterogeneous (Ch1) populations were identified. Genetic variability between and within some broomrape populations from different regions of China was also explored using 15 SSR and 14 ISSR markers. SSR and ISSR markers utility was evaluated by calculating the polymorphism information content, observed and effective number of alleles, Nei's and Shannon diversity index, number and percentage of polymorphic loci. The high intrapopulation genetic variability was revealed by SSR markers while as for the ISSR primers a high degree of genetic variations was found at the interpopulation level. UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis performed according to ISSR and SSR/ISSR data set allowed to clearly distinguished all the broomrape populations for geographical origin and their racial origin while, in the case of SSR markers did not find this type of correlation. In conclusion, although the morphological markers were not found better than molecular, after all a combination of both markers would be highly efficient in detecting genetic variability and phylogenetic analysis among different populations of Orobanche cumana.
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    ОЦЕНКА ЭСТЕРАЗНОГО ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА В ЗРЕЛЫХ СЕМЕНАХ СУРЕПИЦЫ (Brassica campestris L.)
    (CEP USM, 2019) Рудакова, Анжела; Рудаков, Сергей; Артемьева, Анна; Чесноков, Юрий
    n scopul studierii enzimelor de esterază în seminţele plantelor mature din Brassica campestris L. au fost studiate 30 de mostre de varietăţi şi subspecii din colecţia VIR (St. Petersburg). Folosind metoda electroforezei native cu prelucrarea ulterioară a gelurilor cu soluţie specifică substraturilor esterazelor, au fost detectate 10 benzi de izoenzime, ale căror mase moleculare au fost cuprinse între 42 şi 15 kD. Cinci dintre aceste izoenzime, având masa moleculară mai mare (42,0-32,4 kD) şi desemnate de noi ca benzi ale locusului "b", au fost monomorfe, adică caracteristice pentru toate probele. Cele cinci benzi de esterază rămase au format locusul "c" şi au o masă moleculară mai mică (25,6 kD -15,0 kD). Acest locus s-a distins prin cel mai mare polimorfism dintre toate probele studiate. S-a constatat că prin compoziţia sa de esterază, reprezentanţii studiaţi au fost divizaţi în 8 zimotipuri, dintre care zimotipul nr.1 este cel mai extins (50% din probe aparţin acestui grup). Zimotipul grupului 2 a reprezentat 16,7% din genotipuri. Numărul maxim de esteraze (câte 9 benzi) este caracteristic pentru 2 zimotipuri - nr. 3 şi nr. 4. Cel mai mic număr de esteraze (6 zone) s-a observat la zimotipurile nr. 7 şi nr.8. Frecvenţa de apariţie a fiecărei zone polimorfe a locusului "c" a variat de la 6,7 la 96,7%. Cea mai frecventă dintre toate zonele polimorfe de esteraze a fost zona c3 (Mr 20,9 kD), frecvenţa de apariţie a acesteia fiind de 96,7% din numărul total de genotipuri. Conţinutul cantitativ al formelor individuale de esteraze în probe variază foarte mult. Esteraza locusului "b" se conţine în seminţe în cantităţi mai mari comparativ cu benzile locusului "c". Valoarea medie a conţinutului tuturor izoenzimelor locusului "b" variază de la 11,8 (banda b5) la 23,5% (banda b4), în timp ce pentru enzimele locusului "c" această valoare se modifică de la 2,2% (banda c1) la 7,1% (banda c3).