Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences

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End date: 2009Subject: search.filters.subject.floarea-soarelui

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    IDENTIFICAREA GRADULUI DE REZISTENŢĂ LA LUPOAIE (RASA E) ÎN CADRUL UNOR GENOTIPURI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
    (CEP USM, 2008) Duca, Maria; Glijin, Aliona; Popescu, Victoria
    Molecular markers linked to broomrape resistance genes would permit a better understanding of genetic determinism of broomrape resistance in sunflower and f acilitate early selection by screening the presence of a few specific DNA markers. We have provided analysis of 29 sunflower lines with SCAR marker RTS05 linked to the sunflower Or5 locus conferring resistance to broomrape that belong to race E. Identification of 650 bp amplicon at 27 genotypes reveal the presence of Or5 gene, missing of this amplified product at Xenia ♀ and cytoplasmic male sterile genotype # 7 suggest the susceptibility to race E.
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    INFLUENŢA OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR. DE DIVERSĂ ORIGINE ASUPRA CONŢINUTULUI DE ACIZI NUCLEICI LA FLOAREA-SOARELUI
    (CEP USM, 2007) Savca, Elena; Popescu, Victoria; Duca, Maria
    The purpose of this work was to estimate the influence of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) with different origin (Moldova, Rostov, Volgagrad) on the content of NA (nucleic acids) in hybrids of the Valentino and Xenia varieties and in their parental lines. Significant decrease of NA content in leaves of the genotypes infected with broomrape from three geographical areas has been obtained. The degree of resistance of the studied genotypes by the total content of NA has been revealed: more resistant to broomrape was the Xenia variety, the population of local origin showed a greater tolerance in comparison with the populations from Rostov and Volgagrad.
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    EVALUAREA GRADULUI DE INFECŢIE LA UNELE GENOTIPURI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI (Helianthus annuus L.) LA INTERACŢIUNEA GAZDĂ - PARAZIT (Orobanche cumana Wallr.)
    (CEP USM, 2007) Popescu, Victoria
    O. cumana is an important factor that significantly reduces the production of sunflower in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region. The main purpose of the present work is to reveal the infection ability of this parasite in some genotypes of sunflower cultivated in Moldova. It has been revealed that a population of broomrape, which had been received from Volgograd, had the most advanced capability for infection in comparison with populations from Rostov and Moldova. Genotypes of the Xenia variety have shown the greatest resistance in comparison withthe Valentino variety. The researchers have revealed the dependence of the infection ability from both genotype and the origin of parasites
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    ASPECTE ALE STATUTULUI OXIDOREDUCĂTOR LA DIFERITE GENOTIPURI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI ATACATE DE LUPOAIE
    (CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Popescu, Victoria; Lupaşcu, Victor
    Accumulation of H2O2 and the activity of catalase in different genotypes of sunflower attacked by broomrape have been analyzed in this work. The accumulation of H2O2 in normal conditions is specified by genotype, being more active in the Xenia variety. The attack by broomrape leads to the intensification of the H2O2 synthesis in the analyzed genotypes, in particular in the Valentino variety. The activity of catalase decreases in attacked plants of the Xenia and Valentino varieties at the level of leaves as a result of the accumulation of SRO. The quantity of H2O2 correlates with the quantity of enzyme, both in normal conditions and in the plants attacked by broomrape.
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    ASPECTE PRIVIND ESTIMAREA GRADULUI DE STERILITATE A LINIILOR DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
    (CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Leviţchi, Alexei; Rotaru, Tudor
    Monitoring of the seed quality at different stages of plant breeding at sunflower represents a very important element in obtaining high yield hybrids based onCMS-Rfgenetic system. Sunflower represents a protandric plant with a single terminal inflorescence which contains 700-3000 individual hermaphrodite flowers, exposed on the calathidium, making manual emasculation almost impossible. That’s why the utilization of the male sterility was indispensable and necessary for the obtaining of the high level of hybridization at all the stages of sunflower breeding. Wide utilization of maternal lines, with cytoplasmic male sterility, and of paternal lines, with fertility restoring genes Rf, lead to the necessity to observe the stability and homogeneity of parental genotypes.Thus, for the paternal genotypes it is important to verify the presence and the stare of Rf genes, but maintaining male sterility is verified by the level of sterility control. Utilization of PCR-based methods with specific primers allows controlling genotype quality.
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    POSIBILITĂŢI DE ESTIMARE A PURITĂŢII GENETICE LA FLOAREA-SOARELUI
    (CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Leviţchi, Alexei; Rotaru, Tudor
    The efficiency of application of different techniques to monitor the biologic purity of initial material designed for the amelioration ensures the success of breeding programs. This means allow to estimate both, the homogeneity of inbred lines and the polymorphism of in frame of populations. Field tests are much easier and exact, but are time consuming, whereas laboratory tests provide fast results obtaining and reduce the expences for plant breeding programs. The utilization of different existant methods are determined by the budget, developed by the breeders, for the analyses and by the level of technical equipping of the laboratories. The most used method is based on the utilisation of storage protein electrophoretic spectra, being relative cheap and sufficiently exact.
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    ELABORAREA PROCEDEULUI DE EXTRAGERE A HELIANTININEI DIN SEMINŢELE DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
    (CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Lapteva, Natalia; Leviţchi, Alexei
    The necessity of elaboration of a rapid method of helianthinin extract obtaining from a single seed is determined by the aim of individual analysis of homogeneity / polymorphism in sunflower populations. Thus, all the stages of the procedure should assure good quality of extracted protein and a sufficient protein quantity for several electrophoretic analyses and, besides, should to be easy in handling for a huge amount of samplings at hundred order.