Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences
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Item TRĂSĂTURI MORFO-FIZIOLOGICE ASOCIATE TOLERANȚEI LA SECETĂ LA CULTURA DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI(CEP USM, 2024) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Port, Angela; Mutu, Ana; Martea, RodicaDrought affects the growth and development of plants, inhibits the absorption of nutrients from the soil, significantly reducing crop productivity. Water deficit reduces the size and mass of organs in Helianthus annuus L. plants, such as leaves, stems, head diameter, simultaneously affecting the parameters associated with productivity, such as number and weight of total and full seeds per head, hectoliter mass, 1000-seeds weight. One of the main strategies to reduce the negative impact of drought is the creation and introduction into culture of genotypes characterized by tolerance to water deficit. The present work includes an analyzes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) phenotypic responses to drought stress and revealing of some morpho-physiological traits, which can be used r for germplasm screening. Each of the applied methodologies, in addition to the obvious advantages, has a series of limitations that create impediments in the correct assessment of genotypes. In this context, integration of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits with genetico-molecular approaches and involvement of different analysis tools (correlational, ANOVA, PCA) are recommended for efficient screening and development sunflower hybrids adapted to drought stress.Item FACTORI DE TRANSCRIPȚIE IMPLICAȚI ÎN RĂSPUNSUL FLORII-SOARELUI LA ACȚIUNEA LUPOIAEI(2022) Duca, Maria; Martea, Rodica; Port, Angela; Clapco, StelianaThe present research is focused on bioinformatics and genes expression analysis aiming to elucidate new aspects of resistance mechanisms in the experimental model of the sunflower-broomrape interaction. The qPCR analysis of WHY1, TGA2 and TGA5 transcription factors revealed transient, oscillating changes in the accumulation of mRNA in plants cultivated in the absence and presence of pathogen in dynamics. The highest level of relative ex- pression of WHY1 factor was attested in the roots of host plant during the stage of aerial shoots development (67 days), contrary to factors belonging to TGA family, which showed minimal values of the relative expression at the same stage of development. In the most of cases WHY1, TGA2 and TGA5 genes were found to be suppressed in the roots of sunflower-resistant genotypes under biotic stress. The higher number of gene interactions is due to co-expression in the case of WHY1 (93.68 %) and the presence of common protein domains in the case of TGA family factors (70 %). Associations between the NPR1 gene with TGA2 (46 connections) and TGA5 (33 interactions) have also been identified. The highest fluctuations in the level of relative expression of the NPR1 gene (key element in the manifestation of plant resistance) are found in the sensitive genotype Performer, in the case of noninfested plants and in resistant hybrid PR64LE20 under biotic stress.Item DIFFERENTIAL GENES EXPRESSION UNDER ANTERO- AND RETROGRADE CONTROL IN SUNFLOWER MICROSPOROGENESIS(CEP USM, 2022-09-29) Port, AngelaItem ISSR AND SSR MARKERS IN ASSESSING GENETIC DIVERSITY OF OROBANCHE CUMANA(Институт Цитологии и генетики СО РАН, 2021-06-14) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Clapco, Steliana; Martea, Rodica; Mutu, AureliaItem EARLY GIBBERELLIN RESPONSES ASSOCIATED WITH STAMENS DEVELOPMENT IN SUNFLOWER(CEP USM, 2021) Port, AngelaThis study was funded by the project of the State Program 20.80009.5107.01 - Genetico- molecular and biotechnological studies of the sunflower in the context of sustainable management of agricultural ecosystemsItem MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANALYSIS OF BROOMRAPE GENETIC DIVERSITY(CEP USM, 2021) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Martea, RodicaItem EARLY GIBBERELLIN RESPONSES ASSOCIATED WITH STAMENS DEVELOPMENT IN SUNFLOWER(CEP USM, 2021) Port, AngelaDifferent stresses induced by the climatic changes reorganize the cellular signaling pathways, resulting in new gene expression profiles and metabolome that ensure the plant adaptive responses. The microsporogenesis, compared to other stages of development, is highly regulated reproductive processes, much more susceptible to environmental and endogenous inputs. Male sterile phenotype could be a result of inappropriate perception and transduction of gibberellins signals, the hormone known to promotes the reproductive development through multiple interacting pathways in regulating gene transcription. The comparative transcriptomic data of different physiological states facilitates the understanding of the importance of GA action on flowering plant fertility and the triggers of the defective anthers / pollen development. Two genetic models, CMS-Rf system (Drofa F1 and their parental lines) and nearisonuclear lines (fertile SW501 line and its CMS-PET1 analogue) of which plants was treated with GA3 at developing inflorescence buds stage (to induce male sterile phenotype) were analyzed. The inflorescence buds 2, 4, 8, 24, 36 hours following hormonal treatment and stamens at different stages of microsporogenesis were subjected to microscopically and Realtime PCR analyses of genes/ESTs involved in meiosis, oxidative systems, cell signaling, energetic and hormonal metabolism, mitochondrial functionality, apoptosis. The Real-time PCR experiments that were aimed to identify early GA-regulated genes by comparative analyzing the gene expression profile in different fertile genotypes and with cytoplasmic male sterility in the presence or absence of GA treatment allowed us to identify differential changes in transcripts accumulation starting 2 hours following hormonal treatment. The differential expression of genes induced by gibberellin in inflorescence bud in premeiosis is analyzed in association with the assays of pollen development that revealed 80-90% of meiocytes disrupted in pachytene and arrested during following meiotic divisions in CMS anthers and various abnormalities, chromosome aberrations (delayed chromosomes, chromosome bridges, chromosome laggards, micronuclei, stickiness chromosomes) in microsporogenesis stages of plants with induced sterility. The obtained data revealed various genes expression profiles related to sterility type and genetic background. Many of the studied genes/ESTs are gibberellin responsive from the first hours after exogenous treatment. Reported evidences may lead to new investigations to gain further understanding in this fieldItem MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL METHODS IN ANALYSIS OF BROOMRAPE GENETIC DIVERSITY(CEP USM, 2021) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Martea, RodicaGenetic diversity is the variation of heritable characteristics in a population, which can results from evolution, mutation, migration, domestication, natural selection and plant breeding. For the genetic diversity analysis are widely used the multivariate data from multiple measurements at morphological, biochemical and molecular level on each investigated individual. The cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) are most commonly employed and appear particularly useful. The aim of these investigations was to evaluate the efficiency of multivariate statistical algorithms in the analysis of genetic relationships among 39 broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr) populations from three regions (Nord, Centre and South) of Republic of Moldova. The clustering (AHC, UPGMA) and multivariate methods (PCoA, PCA) have been tested with different data distributions (quantitative and binary) of various type of variables (the length, width of seeds and their ratio, molecular data obtained via simple sequence repeats and inter simple sequence repeats markers). The applying of different approaches for data analysis led to a different ranking of the genetic and environmental factors, which are important in identification of race composition and distribution of broomrape on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. So, the results achieved by cluster (UPMGA) and PCo analyses on the molecular data, highlight the geographic origin of populations, while the cluster analysis (AHC) of morphological data revealed the contribution of different climatic conditions for geographical distribution of parasite. Since each of these data sets and different methods of analyses provide different types of information, the choice of analytical methods depends on the objectives of the experiment and the available technological resources. With increases in the sample size of accessions, the identification of genetic variability and the classification of biological material have considerable significance. Knowledge about genetic diversity and relationships among individuals may be an invaluable aid in plant conservation and breeding.Item MOŞTENIREA GENELOR Rf LA DIVERSE GENOTIPURI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI(CEP USM, 2010) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Midoni, Andrei; Anisimova, Irina; Rotaru, TudorResearch on four sources of pollen fertility restoration (I1-I3, F1, F2 şi BC1) revealed that this character was controlledin three cases (Drofa, Valentino and Sumbred 254) by one single dominant gene and in one case (Xenia) by two non-allelic dominant genes RfItem SOME PHYLOGENETIC ASPECTS OF DECORATIVE FISHES BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL 12S AND 16S rDNA GENES(CEP USM, 2008) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Toderaş, Ion; Ciobanu, LuciaÎn lucrare sunt prezentate unele aspecte de analiză filogenetică a unor specii de peşti decorativi în baza procentului de similaritate a genelor mitocondriale 12S şi 16S rADN, fiind utilizată metoda PCR cu primeri specifici şi informaţia din baza de date NCBI, inclusiv programul CLUSTAL W. Analiza comparativă a pus în evidenţă cel mai înalt grad de omologie a genelor:12S–94% şi 16S–92% la Trichogaster trichopterus şi Trichogaster leerii din ordinul Perciformes. În cazul speciei Platydoras costatus, ordinul Silusiformes,s-au constatat cele mai mari divergenţe pentru ambele gene studiate.