Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences
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Item Regimul de umiditate și temperatură al solurilor din rezervația „Codrii” în timpul perioadei de vegetație 2023(CEP USM, 2024) Barcari, Ecaterina; Nagacevschi, TatianaPe teritoriul Rezervației clima se caracterizează prin alternarea perioadelor de secetă cu abundențe de precipitații. Iernile sunt relativ blânde cu puțină zăpadă, perioada caldă preponderent secetoasă. Ploile abundente pot condiționa scurgerea superficială, însă în pădure ele nu provoacă eroziunea solului. Relieful are un rol important în formarea climei. Altitudinile variate și fragmentarea teritoriului provoacă perturbări, de la un loc la altul, ale presiunii atmosferice și temperaturii aerului, ale cantității de precipitații atmosferice. Suprafețele de probă cercetate sunt situate pe partea superioară și mijlocie a pantelor, cu aflarea stratului freatic la adâncimi mari. Pentru aceste suprafețe este caracteristic regimul hidric periodic percolativ, adică are loc percolarea profilului de sol până la nivelul pânzei freatice numai în unii ani, și anume în acei cu precipitații abundente. Umiditatea se menține în sol numai din precipitațiile atmosferice.Item MODIFICĂRI ANTROPICE ALE SOLULUI LA MONUMENTUL ARHEOLOGIC „VALURILE LUI TRAIAN” DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Sochircă, Vitalie; Nagacevschi, TatianaThe anthropogenic factor, through the technogenic processes, can transform not only the substantial composition and morphological structure of soil profiles, but also the areas, geography and evolution of soils. The archaeological monument ,,Trajan’s Walls” in the Republic of Moldova presents a research object of both historical-cultural and pedological interest. The studies carried out elucidate that the soil in the ditch, the one in the wall and the one in the vicinity of the wall have the same origin according to the type of soil, physical and chemical parameters, and the soil profiles in the ditch and in the wall reflect the anthropic implication in a distant period of time. The research demonstrates that man can influence the modification of the “face” of the soil, under the geomorphological and morphological aspect of the soil profile, but he cannot change the origin of the soil and the paedogenetic processes.Item CARACTERIZAREA FACTORULUI EDAFIC ÎN CARE VEGETEAZĂ SPECIILE FORESTIERE DIN CADRUL ENTITĂȚII SILVICE STRĂȘENI(CEP USM, 2024) Grati, Vladislav; Bejan, Iurie; Nagacevschi, Tatiana; Bunduc, TatianaArticolul reprezintă un studiu comparativ al condițiilor de vegetație (aspecte geomorfologice, soluri) pentru zona centrală a Republicii Moldova numită și „Codrii centrali”. Secetele prelungite impun un mod diferit de gestionare a silviculturii. Prin acest studiu ne propunem să identificăm comparativ condițiile edafice din 1985 și 2021, modul în care acestea au evoluat, dar și capacitatea arborilor de a se acomoda în timp. Solurile forestiere din Republica Moldova au fost mai puțin studiate, cu excepția celor din centrul Republicii Moldova (Ursu, 2005), în special ariile protejate, fiind incluse în traseele cercetărilor științifice.Item CONDIȚIILE PEDOLOGICE ÎN REZERVAȚIA NATURALĂ PLAIUL FAGULUI ȘI USCĂRILE DE ARBORETE(CEP USM, 2024) Grati, Vladislav; Nagacevschi, TatianaThe object of this study is the «Plaiul Fagului» natural Reserve, which is located in the northwestern part of the Central Plateau of Codrilor. In order to plan silvotechnical works, a pedological mapping of the areas with degraded, poorly productive trees and with inappropriate compositions was necessary. Thus, the decision was made to place soil profles in several landscaping units to determine the type and subtype of soil and, depending on this, to plan the necessary works for the success of forestry crops. The impact of climate change on the development of the forest fund is also clarifed by the changes in the parameters and state of the edaphic factor (soil), which following the drought including pedological in the absence of rains in the summer of 2022 and in recent years have favored the appearance of carbonates in the upper horizons even in the soils ashes, as a result the forest vegetation dries.Item CERCETĂRI ALE SOLULUI LA „VALUL LUI TRAIAN DE JOS (DE SUD)” PE SEGMENTUL IUJNOE, RAIONUL VULCĂNEŞTI(CEP USM, 2024) Sochircă, Vitalie; Nagacevschi, TatianaThe pedological researches was carried out at ”Valul lui Traian de Jos” (The lower or southern Trajan’s Wall) on the Iujnoe, Vulcanesti district segment. The samples being analyzed in the laboratories of the Faculty of Biology and Geosciences of Msu. The soil collected from 3 locations of the wall and its proximity is of the same type (carbonate chernozem), and the soil profles following the analysis of physical and chemical parameters according to classical methods. anthropic involvement is reflected in a distant period of time, through the presence of three layers in the ditch profle, which we can argue by comparing them with the natural profle and we can also say that the initial depth of the ditch was about 400 cm.Item REZULTATELE ANTROPIZĂRII ASUPRA EVOLUŢIEI STRUCTURII SOLULUI(Vasiliana`98, 2016-09-14) Nagacevschi, TatianaThe research conducted with the aim to highlight the human impact changes in the soil agrophysics characteristic through the direct structure degradation of different types of soils used in agriculture comprised the assessment of soil structure over the past years used under field crops as well under perennial crops. Following the research is observed degradation of structure by clods and diminution of hydro-aggregates stability. Degradation of structure takes place in orchards space with a higher share during applied technologies. Use of organic fertilizers in orchards and soil maintenance between rows covered by grass could provide a positive remedy for the maintenance of soil structure used for agricultural proposes.Item CERCETĂRI GEOPEDOLOGICE LA VALUL LUI TRAIAN DE SUS PE SEGMENTUL SATELOR ECATERINOVCA ȘI VALEA PERJEI, RAIONUL CIMIŞLIA(CEP USM, 2023-02-13) Nagacevschi, Tatiana; Sochircă, Vitalie; Matveev, Sergiu; Vornic, VladThe geopedological research was carried out at Valul lui Traian de Sus (The Upper Trajan’s Wall), in Ecaterinovca and Valea Perjei villages of Cimișlia district, the samples being analyzed in the laboratories of the Faculty of Biology and Geosciences of MSU. The soil collected from 3 locations of the wall and its proximity is of the same type (typical weak humiferous chernozem), and the soil profiles in the wall reflect anthropogenic involvement in a distant period of time.Item SPATIAL STUDY OF SOIL EROSION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA(2022) Bejan, Iurie; Sochircă, Vitalie; Nagacevschi, Tatiana; Țîțu, PavelThe study represents a detailed spatial analysis regarding soil erosion in the Republic of Moldova. The territory of the country (including the Transnistrian region), from the point of view of the administrative-territorial structure, is made up of 983 units. Thus, the analysis of eroded lands was carried out on administrative units at the level of villages, communes and cities, according to the data of the 2021 year from the Land Cadastre, developed by the Agency for Land Relations and Cadastre of the Republic of Moldova. The created database was later imported into a GIS (Geographical Information Systems) program and processed using ArcGIS software. The mapping and classification of the data regarding the proportion of eroded agricultural land (total; strongly, moderately and weakly eroded) allowed the identification of the most vulnerable areas to these processes - the Central Moldavian Plateau (Codrilor), the Ciuluc Hills, the Dniester Plateau etc. The frequency rate of agricultural land in total per country was 73.7%, including arable land constituted 54.9%. Of the entire agricultural area, 73.2% was monitored from the point of view of soil and geomorphological processes: approximately 1/3 of all agricultural land is affected by some degree of erosion, including 4.5% that are heavily eroded. The specific factors of soil erosion and the main consequences are evaluated, with an emphasis on the most affected regions.Item ROCILE PREZENTE ÎN SITURILE ARHEOLOGICE ALE EPOCII FIERULUI DIN MICROZONA SAHARNA ȘI UTILIZAREA LOR(Bons Offices, 2022-07-28) Sochircă, Vitalie; Zanoci, Aurel; Nagacevschi, TatianaPe parcursul cercetărilor geopedologice realizate în perioada 2018-2021 la siturile arheologice din microzona Saharna(Saharna „Ţiglău”, Saharna Mare / „Dealul Mănăstirii” şi Saharna „Rude”), ne-am adresat o întrebare: care sunt rocile din stratul cultural și din proximitatea acestuia, cu care ar fi contactat și pe care le puteau folosi comunităţile umane din epoca fierului? Ca urmare a investigaţiilor, în aceste situri se constată prezenţa unui spectru de roci, care au fost divizate în funcţie de criteriul originii geografice a rocilor, în raport cu limitele siturilor arheologice. Conform acestui criteriu, sunt evidenţiate: 1) roci de origine autohtonă in situ, reprezentate de argilă, nisip, loess, calcar, marnă, psefit, depuneri deluviale și aluviale, material alterat etc., care servesc în calitate de rocă maternă (material parental) a solului din siturile arheologice, precum și ca material de construcţie și materie primă; 2) roci de origine alohtonă ex situ (gresie, silex sau cremene, șist cristalin, jasp ş.a.), care au ajuns în stratul cercetat ca rezultat al unor procese naturale (eroziune, dezagregare, denudaţie etc.) sau cu implicarea omului. Toate rocile enumerate au anumite utilităţi pentru om și puteau fi folosite – atât în stare brută, cât și după prelucrare – în diverse scopuri de comunităţile umane din diferite perioade, inclusiv din epoca fierului.Item PAS CU PAS. CERCETĂRI INTERDISCIPLINARE LA SITUL DE EPOCA FIERULUI DE LA SAHARNA „RUDE” DIN BAZINUL NISTRULUI DE MIJLOC(2022) Zanoci, Aurel; Asăndulesei, Andrei; Băț, Mihail; Sochircă, Vitalie; Nagacevschi, Tatiana; Tencariu, Adrian-Felix; Dulgher, VictorIn the Middle Dniester Basin, from the 1940s to the present, several archaeological sites dating back to the Iron Age have been discovered and explored. In the past two decades, a team of researchers from the Moldova State University has been engaged in archaeological research in the Saharna microregion, where several fortifications and open settlements dating from both the Early and the Late Iron Age have been studied. Among them, the Saharna “Rude” site stands out, where, non-destructive surveys, as well as archaeological excavations were carried out in 2018-2021. As a result, traces of three phases of habitation were found at the Saharna “Rude” site. According to the discovered artifacts, the first phase of habitation can be attributed to the Early Iron Age (middle of the 12th century – 11th century BC), which corresponds to the Holercani-Hansca horizon. At the next stage, a circular enclosure was built in the northern part of the plateau, to the south of which there was an extensive settlement belonging to the CoziaSaharna culture (10th-9th centuries BC). The discovery of fragments of Greek amphoras, as well as handmade pottery specific to the Getic culture, indicates that this territory was also inhabited during the Late Iron Age (4th-3rd centuries BC). Therefore, the situation attested at Saharna “Rude” is similar to the one on the promontory opposite the Saharna Mare and comes to confirm the intense habitation of the Saharna microregion by human communities in the period from the middle of the 12th to the end of the 3rd century BC.