Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Duca, MariaEnd date: 2023

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    INFLUENȚA HOLOPARAZITULUI OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR. ASUPRA UNOR TRASĂTURI MORFO-ANATOMICE ȘI FIZIOLOGO- BIOCHIMICE LA CULTURA HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.
    (CEP USM, 2023) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Burcovschi, Ion; Domenco, Rodion; Martea, Rodica; Machedon, Mihail
    Lucrarea prezintă rezultate cu referire la influența angiospermei Orobanche cumana Wallr. (lupoaia) asupra recoltei de floarea-soarelui și a unor indici morfo-anatomici și fiziologo-biochimici la un șir de hibrizi de floarea-soarelui sensibili la acțiunea parazitului, în diferite condiții de mediu. Deși gradul de infestare a fost mult mai înalt în condiții favorabile de dezvoltare a culturii, impactul parazitului a fost mai pronunțat pe fundal de secetă. Conform analizei regresionale variația indicilor recolta de floarea-soarelui, talia plantei, suprafața foliară, indicele suprafeței foliare și cantitatea de clorofilă a poate fi atribuită intensității atacului cu lupoaie în proporție de 71%, 43%, 38%, 42% și 30%, respectiv. Au fost constatate corelații negative puternice a parametrilor menționați cu intensitatea atacului, după cum urmează r=-0,68; -0,65; -0,66 și -0,59.
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    FACTORI DE TRANSCRIPȚIE IMPLICAȚI ÎN RĂSPUNSUL FLORII-SOARELUI LA ACȚIUNEA LUPOIAEI
    (2022) Duca, Maria; Martea, Rodica; Port, Angela; Clapco, Steliana
    The present research is focused on bioinformatics and genes expression analysis aiming to elucidate new aspects of resistance mechanisms in the experimental model of the sunflower-broomrape interaction. The qPCR analysis of WHY1, TGA2 and TGA5 transcription factors revealed transient, oscillating changes in the accumulation of mRNA in plants cultivated in the absence and presence of pathogen in dynamics. The highest level of relative ex- pression of WHY1 factor was attested in the roots of host plant during the stage of aerial shoots development (67 days), contrary to factors belonging to TGA family, which showed minimal values of the relative expression at the same stage of development. In the most of cases WHY1, TGA2 and TGA5 genes were found to be suppressed in the roots of sunflower-resistant genotypes under biotic stress. The higher number of gene interactions is due to co-expression in the case of WHY1 (93.68 %) and the presence of common protein domains in the case of TGA family factors (70 %). Associations between the NPR1 gene with TGA2 (46 connections) and TGA5 (33 interactions) have also been identified. The highest fluctuations in the level of relative expression of the NPR1 gene (key element in the manifestation of plant resistance) are found in the sensitive genotype Performer, in the case of noninfested plants and in resistant hybrid PR64LE20 under biotic stress.
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    UNELE ASPECTE ALE STUDIULUI POTENŢIALULUI GENETIC LA HIBRIZI DE FLOAREA SOARELUI ÎN CONDIȚIILE REPUBLICII MOLDOVA
    (CEP USM, 2023) Bivol, Ina; Burcovschii, Ion; Duca, Maria; Machidon, Mihail
    În condiţiile zonei de nord și sud a Republicii Moldova pe parcursul anilor 2020-2021 s-a efectuat evaluarea unor hibrizi comerciali de floarea-soarelui cu diferită proveniență în scopul selectării hibrizilor cu caractere valoroase ca surse suplimentare pentru intensificarea producției de floarea-soarelui în țară. S-a stabilit că hibrizii testaţi au prezentat după trăsăturile morfologice o variabilitate bogată, care în mare măsură este dependentă de genotip, proveniența acestuia și totodată condițiile climatice zonale și anuale. Lucrarea de față include date privind evaluarea potenţialului genetic la 6 hibrizi de floarea-soarelui după unele caractere cantitative (indicele suprafeței foliare, suprafața foliară, cantitatea de clorofila a și b, cantitatea de carotenoizi, înălţimea plantei, numărul de frunze, recolta medie, conținutul de ulei) şi markeri moleculari (RAPD).
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    ANALYSIS OF MOLECULAR VARIANCE (AMOVA) OF OROBANCHE CUMANA POPULATIONS
    (CEP USM, 2022-09-29) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Bivol, Ina
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    IMPACTUL VALURILOR DE CĂLDURĂ ȘI A SECETELOR DIN ULTIMELE DOUĂ DECENII ASUPRA ROADEI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
    (CEP USM, 2023-02-13) Boian, Ilie; Domenco, Rodion; Duca, Maria
    In the present study, with the help of modern statistical programs, the processing and analysis of factual data regarding weather and climate conditions in the Republic of Moldova and the size of the sunflower crop for the period 2001-2021 was carried out. Thus, it was established that the average air temperatures during the vegetation period during the years 2001-2020 oscillated between 17.1 and 20.4°C heat, and the average amounts of atmospheric precipitation during that period, oscillated between 190 and 416 mm. The analysis of climate indices for the evaluation of droughts in the Republic of Moldova for the period of 2001-2020 demonstrated that the droughts of 2007, 2012, 2015 and 2020 according to intensity were strong and very strong, and according to the occupied surface (approx. 80-90% of the territory of the republic) were catastrophic. Thus, the annual global production of sunflowers in the period 2001-2021 varied within very large limits, from 160 thousand tons in 2007 to 811 thousand tons in 2017 and 2019. Also, the impact of strong droughts and very strong from the years 2007, 2012, 2015 and 2020 on the productivity of the sunflower crop at country level.
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    INTERPOPULATION RELATEDNESS OF O. CUMANA BELONGING TO DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
    (CEP USM, 2022-11-10) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana
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    EFFICIENCY OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS IN GENOTYPING OF OROBANCHE CUMANA POPULATIONS
    (Iasi University of Life Sciences, 2021-10-21) Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana; Duca, Maria
    Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers are widely dispersed across the genome, have a codominant and multiallelic nature, high variability and informativeness, and a specific chromosomal location. For this reason, they are playing a significant role in different fundamental and applicable fields, including genetic studies at the individual, population, species levels, and molecular breeding programs. In this study, the utility of 15 microsatellite markers in discrimination of 33 Orobanche cumana (broomrape) populations from different geographical locations was assessed: Republic of Moldova (11 populations), Romania (1), Bulgaria (4), Serbia (7), Turkey (7) and China (3). The PCR amplification products obtained showed differences by number and size depending on the markers used (3 and 16 alleles). A total of 110 alleles with fragment sizes ranged from 76-343 bp were determined. The evaluation of the genetic polymorphism of SSR markers was performed by the effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) with an average of 5.31, Polymorphic Information Content index (PIC) – 0.75, Nei's genetic diversity index (H) – 0.78 and, Resolving Power index (Rp) – 5.79. High values of all indices revealed the significant informative capacity and effectiveness of markers studied. At the same time, most markers showed PIC values higher than 0.5, indicating a high polymorphism in O. cumana populations. Seven microsatellite markers (Ocum-052, Ocum-059, Ocum-074, Ocum-081, Ocum-087, Ocum-196, Ocum-197) were selected based on the analyzed statistical parameters, suggesting that these markers can efficiently measure genetic diversity in broomrape. Based on the Rp index and PIC values of these 15 SSR markers, genetic diversity of Turkish (Rp: 4.774; PIC: 0,722) and Moldavian (Rp: 4.394; PIC: 0,716) Orobanche cumana populations was higher than in other populations. However, the studied microsatellite (SSR) markers system characterized very well the genetic structure of all O. cumana populations included in this study. Selected markers could eventually be useful for breeders and sunflower seed producers to improve their control strategies for this parasitic plant.
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    DISCRIMINATING ABILITY OF ISSR MARKERS IN THE REVEALING OF THE GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN TURKISH BROOMRAPE POPULATIONS
    (Trakya University Publisher, 2021-08-29) Duca, Maria; Bivol, Ina
    In the present study, the analysis of the informativity level and discriminatory capacity for 14 ISSR-markers to identify polymorphism of seven Orobanche cumana populations from different geographical regions of Turkey was performed. ISSR markers utility was assessed by calculating of different parameters such as the polymorphism information content (PIC), observed and effective number of alleles (Na and Ne), Nei's and Shannon diversity indexes (H and I), number and percentage of polymorphic loci, resolving power (Rp), Simpson's coefficient (Hj). Out of 207 amplicons generated by microsatellites primers, 195 were found polymorphic (94.29%) and 12 were monomorphic with size range from 341 to 5353 bp. The average number of amplified bands was 14.79 fragments per primer. The PIC values for 14 primers ranged from 0.18 ((GATA)4) to 0.41 ((AG)8YA) with the mean value 0.34 Eight primers ((AG)8YA, (CT)8TC, BC807, BC841, (CA)6AC, (CTC)4RC, (CAG)5, BC835) were considered the most effective. The mean I value was 0.52 and ranged from 0.32 ((GATA)4) to 0.6 ((AG)8YA). The (AG)8YA, (CT)8TC, BC807, BC841, (CTC)4RC, (CA)6AC and (CAG)5 primers had the highest I values. The Rp ranged from 5.9 for primer (CA)6RG to 22.59 for primer (AG)8YA. Nine of the ISSR primers ((AG)8YA, (CTC)4RC, BC810, BC807, BC841, BC835, (CAG)5, BC857 and (CT)8TC) possessed high Rp values (22.59, 19.12, 16.83, 16.54, 16.49, 14.59, 13.32, 12.88 and 11.37, respectively) and were able to distinguish all 41genotypes. The higher discrimination potential calculating by the Simpson’s coefficient had primer BC810 (0.33) and the lower (CA)6RG (0.01), the mean value for all primers was 0.18. According to ISSR data analysis, the high proportion of the genetic variability (94.29%) was due to interpopulation variation and 45.82% of the diversity by cause of intrapopulation variations. In conclusion, in this comparative study of the discrimination capacity of 14 ISSR markers using to broomrape population genetic analysis, the tri- ((CTC)4RC, (CAG)5) and dinucleotide ((AG)8YA, BC807, BC841, (CT)8TC) primers proved more informative than tetranucleotide repeats. Moreover, these primers revealed the highest values for all analyzed polymorphism information indexes of genetic diversity (number of amplicons per primer from 15 to 28, level of polymorphism more than 88.89%, PIC≥0.36, I≥0.53, Hj≥0.11 and Rp≥11.37) for Turkish broomrape populations. The analysis of ISSR-markers showed that this type of marker is applicable for the assessment of intra- and interpopulation genetic polymorphism for species O. cumana.
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    THE EVOLUTION OF OROBANCHE CUMANA RACES IN SUNFLOWER CROP IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
    (Trakya University Publisher, 2021-09-01) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana
    One of the most critical constraints for sunflower production in the majority of European countries, as well as in the Middle East and Asia is broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) – non-photosynthetic, obligatory, root parasitic plant. The continuous introduction of new resistant sunflower hybrids exerts a selection pressure on broomrape populations evolution and contribute to the development of new more virulent races that overcome sunflower genetic resistance. Thus, until now, eight races of O. cumana, A through H, have been identified. In this study, the chronology of broomrape races occurrence in sunflower crop in the Republic of Moldova was analysed. In Moldova sunflower broomrape was firstly attested at the end of the 19th century. In 1937 a more virulent race B was identified especially in the regions situated along the border with Romania. Later, at the beginning of 1970s, a new biotype that infested sunflower genotypes carrying genes of resistance to races A and B occurred. This new race was called the Moldovan race or race C and was found preferentially in the central part of the country. In early 2000s the presence of races D, E and F in Moldovan sunflower fields was reported. The most spread were the less virulent races A, B and D, which were found in all part of the country, followed by race E detected in the South and Centre and more virulent race F, which was identified only in the Central part. In few years, the study of racial status demonstrated the presence in the south of the country of a new highly virulent race G, which overcame all known genes of resistance. It has been established that the populations from the northern part of the Republic of Moldova belonged predominantly to race E, those from the central part of the republic – to race F and southern populations were attributed to the race G. Our greenhouse test carried out in 2014 revealed, for the first time, the presence in sunflower fields of the most aggressive race H. This pathotype was found especially in the south and centre and sporadically in the north. A research performed recently (2019-2020) showed the occurrence of new highly aggressive biotypes able to infest even the genotypes considered resistant to the most virulent race H. According to the results, in a short period of time new aggressive races of O. cumana occurred and spread rapidly over all Moldovan sunflower growing regions, the most virulent races G and H becoming dominant.