Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences
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Item SOME PHYLOGENETIC ASPECTS OF DECORATIVE FISHES BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL 12S AND 16S rDNA GENES(CEP USM, 2008) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Toderaş, Ion; Ciobanu, LuciaÎn lucrare sunt prezentate unele aspecte de analiză filogenetică a unor specii de peşti decorativi în baza procentului de similaritate a genelor mitocondriale 12S şi 16S rADN, fiind utilizată metoda PCR cu primeri specifici şi informaţia din baza de date NCBI, inclusiv programul CLUSTAL W. Analiza comparativă a pus în evidenţă cel mai înalt grad de omologie a genelor:12S–94% şi 16S–92% la Trichogaster trichopterus şi Trichogaster leerii din ordinul Perciformes. În cazul speciei Platydoras costatus, ordinul Silusiformes,s-au constatat cele mai mari divergenţe pentru ambele gene studiate.Item IDENTIFICAREA GRADULUI DE REZISTENŢĂ LA LUPOAIE (RASA E) ÎN CADRUL UNOR GENOTIPURI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI(CEP USM, 2008) Duca, Maria; Glijin, Aliona; Popescu, VictoriaMolecular markers linked to broomrape resistance genes would permit a better understanding of genetic determinism of broomrape resistance in sunflower and f acilitate early selection by screening the presence of a few specific DNA markers. We have provided analysis of 29 sunflower lines with SCAR marker RTS05 linked to the sunflower Or5 locus conferring resistance to broomrape that belong to race E. Identification of 650 bp amplicon at 27 genotypes reveal the presence of Or5 gene, missing of this amplified product at Xenia ♀ and cytoplasmic male sterile genotype # 7 suggest the susceptibility to race E.Item INFLUENŢA OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR. DE DIVERSĂ ORIGINE ASUPRA CONŢINUTULUI DE ACIZI NUCLEICI LA FLOAREA-SOARELUI(CEP USM, 2007) Savca, Elena; Popescu, Victoria; Duca, MariaThe purpose of this work was to estimate the influence of broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) with different origin (Moldova, Rostov, Volgagrad) on the content of NA (nucleic acids) in hybrids of the Valentino and Xenia varieties and in their parental lines. Significant decrease of NA content in leaves of the genotypes infected with broomrape from three geographical areas has been obtained. The degree of resistance of the studied genotypes by the total content of NA has been revealed: more resistant to broomrape was the Xenia variety, the population of local origin showed a greater tolerance in comparison with the populations from Rostov and Volgagrad.Item ASPECTE ALE STATUTULUI OXIDOREDUCĂTOR LA DIFERITE GENOTIPURI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI ATACATE DE LUPOAIE(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Popescu, Victoria; Lupaşcu, VictorAccumulation of H2O2 and the activity of catalase in different genotypes of sunflower attacked by broomrape have been analyzed in this work. The accumulation of H2O2 in normal conditions is specified by genotype, being more active in the Xenia variety. The attack by broomrape leads to the intensification of the H2O2 synthesis in the analyzed genotypes, in particular in the Valentino variety. The activity of catalase decreases in attacked plants of the Xenia and Valentino varieties at the level of leaves as a result of the accumulation of SRO. The quantity of H2O2 correlates with the quantity of enzyme, both in normal conditions and in the plants attacked by broomrape.Item ASPECTE PRIVIND ESTIMAREA GRADULUI DE STERILITATE A LINIILOR DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Leviţchi, Alexei; Rotaru, TudorMonitoring of the seed quality at different stages of plant breeding at sunflower represents a very important element in obtaining high yield hybrids based onCMS-Rfgenetic system. Sunflower represents a protandric plant with a single terminal inflorescence which contains 700-3000 individual hermaphrodite flowers, exposed on the calathidium, making manual emasculation almost impossible. That’s why the utilization of the male sterility was indispensable and necessary for the obtaining of the high level of hybridization at all the stages of sunflower breeding. Wide utilization of maternal lines, with cytoplasmic male sterility, and of paternal lines, with fertility restoring genes Rf, lead to the necessity to observe the stability and homogeneity of parental genotypes.Thus, for the paternal genotypes it is important to verify the presence and the stare of Rf genes, but maintaining male sterility is verified by the level of sterility control. Utilization of PCR-based methods with specific primers allows controlling genotype quality.Item POSIBILITĂŢI DE ESTIMARE A PURITĂŢII GENETICE LA FLOAREA-SOARELUI(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Leviţchi, Alexei; Rotaru, TudorThe efficiency of application of different techniques to monitor the biologic purity of initial material designed for the amelioration ensures the success of breeding programs. This means allow to estimate both, the homogeneity of inbred lines and the polymorphism of in frame of populations. Field tests are much easier and exact, but are time consuming, whereas laboratory tests provide fast results obtaining and reduce the expences for plant breeding programs. The utilization of different existant methods are determined by the budget, developed by the breeders, for the analyses and by the level of technical equipping of the laboratories. The most used method is based on the utilisation of storage protein electrophoretic spectra, being relative cheap and sufficiently exact.Item ELABORAREA PROCEDEULUI DE EXTRAGERE A HELIANTININEI DIN SEMINŢELE DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Lapteva, Natalia; Leviţchi, AlexeiThe necessity of elaboration of a rapid method of helianthinin extract obtaining from a single seed is determined by the aim of individual analysis of homogeneity / polymorphism in sunflower populations. Thus, all the stages of the procedure should assure good quality of extracted protein and a sufficient protein quantity for several electrophoretic analyses and, besides, should to be easy in handling for a huge amount of samplings at hundred order.Item VARIABILITATEA SOMACLONALĂ LA PLANTELE DE TUTUN TRANSGENIC(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Glijin, Aliona; Lupaşcu, Victor; Orosco-Cardenas, MarthaIn this paper it was analyzed the somaclonal variation of 13 genetically modified tobacco lines (T1generation), that express the bar gene. It was shown that five lines had greater plant dimensions in comparison to the control ones. Also, in all transgenic tobacco lines there were detected higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide invascular tissues. All these suggest that observed changes appeared as the result of plant transformation and regeneration at morphological and biochemical levels.Item POLIMORFISMUL GENETIC ÎN CADRUL UNOR GENOTIPURI DE CASTRAVEŢI ŞI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Bîrsan, Ana; Homenco, Tatiana; Bătrânu, Tatiana; Romaniuc, Mariana; Arteni, Dorina; Ozdemir, DoganThe denaturation s processes kinetics of sunflower and cucumber of different genotypes DNA was studied. The thermal denaturation of DNA macromolecules have proved high melting temperatures at sunflower hybrids, in comparison with cucumber genotypes, this fact denotes the increased stability of DNA macromolecules. he level of hetero-geneity has varied in dependence of genotype and it has correlated with the highest values of morphological and physio-logical parameters which determines the effect of hybrid vigor in studies of genotypes. The kinetics of denaturation processes, realized on two cucumber families, has proved that the first generation hybrids DNA macromolecules had the melting temperature higher, an increased content of G-C and a higher level of heterogeneity, in comparison with parental lines.Item ASPECTE PRIVIND IMPACTUL POLUĂRII ASUPRA UNOR SPECII DE ARBORI DIN CINCI ZONE ALE mun. CHIŞINĂU(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Port, Angela; Glijin, Aliona; Teleuţă, Alexandru; Casapu, OlgaTo date an unprecedented, rapid change in environmental conditionsis observed, which is likely to override the adaptive potential of plants, especially that of tree species with their long reproductive cycles. These environmental changes mainly originate from anthropogenic activities, which have caused air and soil pollution, acid precipitation, soil degradation, salinity, increasing UV-B radiation, climatechange, etc. Some of these stress factors may fluctuate signifi-cantly in intensity and duration on time scales of hours, days, seasons, or years;others may change slowly and gradually affect plant growth conditions. The aim of this review was to investigate the physiological response of three species of trees Acer platanoides L; Populus nigra and Aesculus hippocastanum L. from five sites zones with different pollution. There were analysed the following indices: dry weight and total water quantity, chlorophylls, carotenes and total proteins amount that gradually were affected. The significant variations of chlorophylls concentration demonstrate that the photosynthetic system is highly sensible to pollution factors. In conclusion, according to our assays the studied species of trees are stress tolerant to pollutants and can be used as bioindicators.