Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Clapco, StelianaSubject: search.filters.subject.sunflower

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    TRĂSĂTURI MORFO-FIZIOLOGICE ASOCIATE TOLERANȚEI LA SECETĂ LA CULTURA DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
    (CEP USM, 2024) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Port, Angela; Mutu, Ana; Martea, Rodica
    Drought affects the growth and development of plants, inhibits the absorption of nutrients from the soil, significantly reducing crop productivity. Water deficit reduces the size and mass of organs in Helianthus annuus L. plants, such as leaves, stems, head diameter, simultaneously affecting the parameters associated with productivity, such as number and weight of total and full seeds per head, hectoliter mass, 1000-seeds weight. One of the main strategies to reduce the negative impact of drought is the creation and introduction into culture of genotypes characterized by tolerance to water deficit. The present work includes an analyzes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) phenotypic responses to drought stress and revealing of some morpho-physiological traits, which can be used r for germplasm screening. Each of the applied methodologies, in addition to the obvious advantages, has a series of limitations that create impediments in the correct assessment of genotypes. In this context, integration of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits with genetico-molecular approaches and involvement of different analysis tools (correlational, ANOVA, PCA) are recommended for efficient screening and development sunflower hybrids adapted to drought stress.
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    INFLUENȚA HOLOPARAZITULUI OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR. ASUPRA UNOR TRASĂTURI MORFO-ANATOMICE ȘI FIZIOLOGO- BIOCHIMICE LA CULTURA HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.
    (CEP USM, 2023) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Burcovschi, Ion; Domenco, Rodion; Martea, Rodica; Machedon, Mihail
    Lucrarea prezintă rezultate cu referire la influența angiospermei Orobanche cumana Wallr. (lupoaia) asupra recoltei de floarea-soarelui și a unor indici morfo-anatomici și fiziologo-biochimici la un șir de hibrizi de floarea-soarelui sensibili la acțiunea parazitului, în diferite condiții de mediu. Deși gradul de infestare a fost mult mai înalt în condiții favorabile de dezvoltare a culturii, impactul parazitului a fost mai pronunțat pe fundal de secetă. Conform analizei regresionale variația indicilor recolta de floarea-soarelui, talia plantei, suprafața foliară, indicele suprafeței foliare și cantitatea de clorofilă a poate fi atribuită intensității atacului cu lupoaie în proporție de 71%, 43%, 38%, 42% și 30%, respectiv. Au fost constatate corelații negative puternice a parametrilor menționați cu intensitatea atacului, după cum urmează r=-0,68; -0,65; -0,66 și -0,59.
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    STUDIUL UNOR TRĂSĂTURI ASOCIATE CU PRODUCTIVITATEA LA HIBRIZI EXPERIMENTALI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
    (Tipografia „Print Caro”, 2021) Clapco, Steliana; Cucereavîi, Aliona; Gisca, Ion; Duca, Maria
    The relationships between seed yield and some morpho-physiological parameters, such as plant height, head diameter, leaf number, number and weight of total and full seeds per head and 1000 seeds in 32 local hybrids has been studied. The analyses of Pearson correlation coefficients showed significant, but low, positive correlations between yield and number of full seeds per calatidium, weight of total seeds per calatidium, weight of 1000 seeds and hectolitre weight. There were also observed positive correla- tions between plant height and number of leaves.
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    MANAGEMENTUL CULTURII DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI ÎN GOSPODĂRIILE AGRICOLE DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
    (Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2021) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Burcovschi, Ion
    In the Republic of Moldova, the oilseed crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) occupies consistent cultivation areas (about 25 % of arable land), which is constantly growing. Trends in agricultural systems from recent decades (intensification and specialization of production), associated with intensive use of agrochemicals (pesticides and fertilizers), irrational land use, non-compliance with crop rotations etc. have led to declining soil quality, biodiversity loss, a significant increase in the incidence of diseases and pests and the vulnerability of agricultural ecosystems to climate change. In order to address the principles of sustainable and ecological agriculture, it is interesting to know in depth the current situation of biotechnologies for sunflower cultivation and the incidence and severity of pathogen attack. This paper reflects the results of analyzes conducted based on farmers’ opinion survey, focused mainly on parameters such as areas cultivated with sunflower, types of cultivated hybrids, geographical distribution of sunflower-specific pathogens, applied agricultural practices etc.
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    FACTORI DE MEDIU ASOCIAȚI CU INCIDENŢA PATOGENILOR LA CULTURA DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI
    (CEP USM, 2021) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Burcovschi, Ion; Tabacari, Ruslan; Domenco, Rodion
    Prezentul studiu s-a axat pe analiza influenței unor factori de mediu (temperatura și cantitatea de precipitații) asupra incidenței patogenilor florii-soarelui în diferite zone ale Republicii Moldova. Au fost analizate date privind infecția naturală a unui set de 7-15 hibrizi de floarea-soarelui cultivați în diferite zone pedoclimatice (Nord – Visoca, Soroca; Pelinia, Drochia; Centru – Băcioi, Chișinău; Sud – Grigorievca, Căușeni; Svetlâi, Comrat), în perioada 2015-2020, fiind relevată prevalența tulpinilor fungice în partea de nord și în cea de centru ale țării, caracterizate prin cele mai mari cantități de precipitații, și a angiospermei lupoaia – preferențial în partea de sud, cu indici de temperatură mai înalți.
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    GENETICA REZISTENŢEI FLORII-SOARELUI LA LUPOAIE ( OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR.)
    (Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2020) Clapco, Steliana; Duca, Maria
    The angiosperm Orobanche cumana Wallr. (broomrape) is an obligatory root parasite, specific to sunflower crop. The main strategy to ensure the reduction of the negative impact of broomrape remains to be the development of resistant genotypes. This paper represents a synthetic analysis of the data related to sunflower genes for resistance to broomrape races, mapping of major genes and quantitative traits loci (QTL) with minor effects in resistance, as well as vertical and horizontal resistance mechanisms, in general, and the function of the genes involved in resistance, in particular. The study highlights the relevance of genetico-molecular, biochemical and physiological analyzes in this field and the importance of breeding programs focused on the development of sunflower genotypes incorporating multiple resistance genes in order to achieve the durable resistance.