Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences

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Author: search.filters.author.Clapco, StelianaSubject: search.filters.subject.Orobanche cumana

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    Resilience of sunflower crop under biotic stress conditions
    (CEP USM, 2024) Duca, Maria; Clapco, Steliana; Elenciuc, Daniela
    Orobanche cumana Wallr., commonly known as sunflower broomrape, is a parasitic plant that severely affects sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop, causing significant production losses worldwide. This plant attaches to sunflower roots, extracting nutrients and water, leading to stunted growth and reduced seed yield. Traditional control methods, such as crop rotation and the use of genetically resistant sunflower varieties, have proven insufficient due to the adaptability and evolution of the parasite. Advances in molecular biology and genomics, such as the use of molecular markers and next-generation sequencing, facilitate the identification of qualitative and quantitative resistance genes (marker assisted selection), as well as gene pyramiding, supporting the development of resistant hybrids. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 and RNA interference offer promising opportunities for creating more resistant sunflower genotypes. In addition, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms improve the efficiency of selection programs. This multidisciplinary approach is essential to control parasite and ensure sustainable sunflower production. Present review aims to summarise current knowledge and research gaps in methods to control broomrape and to develop resistance against parasitic plants.
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    VARIABILITATEA UNOR POPULAȚII DE LUPOAIE ORIGINARE DIN CHINA. MORFOMETRIA ȘI IDENTIFICAREA RASELOR (I)
    (Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei, 2021) Duca, Maria; Mutu, Ana; Clapco, Steliana; Bivol, Ina; Wang, Chao
    The article is a synthesis of some studies on the identification of broomrape races originating from China and the determination of the level of intra- and interpopulation variability based on the morphometric parameters of the seeds. The racial status of the analyzed populations was established, also two races of broomrape were identified: race G (Ch1 from Inner Mongolia and Ch3 from HeBei) and race H (Ch2 from Inner Mongolia) using internationally recognized differential Or homosygous lines set. Comparative analyses on the morphometric characteristics of broomrape revealed significant differences in seed Length (Ch1 and Ch3 populations, race G) and Length/width ratio (Ch3 and Ch4), which is an indication of the moderate level of interpopulation variability. In the case of assess of the intrapopulation variability level, the relatively homogeneous (Ch2, Ch3 and Ch4) and relatively heterogeneous (Ch1) populations were identified. According to the coefficient of variation, the population Ch2 identified as H broomrape race has distinguished as the most homogeneous for the investigated biometric indices of the seeds. The moderate positive correlations (between Length and width seed, between seed length and L/w ratio), the strong positive correlations (between Length and L/w ratio) and also the strong negative correlations (between width and L/w ratio) were established. The results obtained through Pearson coefficient revealed the discrimination of populations by region.