Facultatea de Biologie și Geoştiinţe / Faculty of Biology and Geosciences
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Item BIOPHYSICAL FRAMEWORK OF SUSTAINABILITY ASSURANCE OF ARABLE CHERNOZEMS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS(CEP USM, 2017-09-08) Jigău, Gheorghe; Bîrsan, AnaArable chemozems in the region are in a stagnant state of evolu- tionary crisis caused by agrogenic changes and climate induced changes. As a result, chemozems are vulnerable to various degrada- tive processes. Ensuring sustainability involves the use of adaptive landscape technologies based on supporting complex typogenetic processes.Item INFLUENŢA NUTRIŢIEI CU FOSFOR ŞI FIER ASUPRA DEZVOLTĂRII NODOZITĂŢILOR LA PLANTELE DE SOIA ÎN CONDIŢII DE SECETĂ TEMPORARĂ(Tipografia "Reclama", 2013-09-12) Rotaru, Vladimir; Bîrsan, AnaLow-phosphorus availability and water stress are main environmental constraints of soybean growth and nodulation. A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) application on nodulation in water-stressed soybean plants. Phosphorus (KH2PO4) and Fe (FE-EDTA) were applied in soil in dose 100 mg per kg of soil and 5 mg respectively. One set of plants was subjected to suboptimal water regime (35% WHC) at flowering stage for 12 days. Another set served as control was grown at normal moisture of soil (70 % WHC). Nodulation and plant growth were significantly decreased by low nutrient supply and drought. Combined effect of drought and P deficiency decreased most the growth of nodules and plants of both cultivars Zodiac and Licurici. Supplemental P nutrition alone or in combination with Fe significantly increased nodules biomass irrespective of soil water regime. However, its effect was more pronounced on cultivar of Licurici. It is concluded that harmful effects of water deficits can be attenuated by adequate nutrition with P and Fe of soybean plants.Item CREŞTEREA PLANTELOR DE SOIA ŞI MODIFICĂRILE CONŢINUTULUI DE AMIDON INDUSE DE APLICAREA FOSFORULUI ŞI FIERULUI ÎN CONDIŢII SUBOPTIMALE DE UMIDITATE(CEP USM, 2011) Rotaru, Vladimir; Bîrsan, Ana; Tverdohleb, AnatolieSoybean (Glycine max. L.,) is a tropical legume and it is susceptible to environmental stresses. Dry matter (DM) production and starch contents in plant parts of two soybean cultivars were determined during reproductive stage inrelation to phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe) supply under water stress conditions. Soybean plants were represented by Zodiac and Licurici cultivars differing in potential of productivity. Plants were grown in a soil cultural with either a non-limiting or low P supply and harvested at pod setting stage development. The Licurici cultivar produced a higher DM than the Zodiac in well-watered conditions. Leaves growth and expansion were sensitive to both abiotic factors than roots. No difference between cultivars was detected on the total DM in treatments with adequate P supply (100 mg P kg soil) under water stress. The starch concentration in the plant tissues exhibited differences between both cultivars with Licurici generally having lower levels in roots. P deficiency increased starch contents in leaves irrespective of water regime. We concluded that adequate P and Fe supply decreased the carbohydrates concentration in nodules and support a vigorous roots system growth.Item POLIMORFISMUL GENETIC ÎN CADRUL UNOR GENOTIPURI DE CASTRAVEŢI ŞI DE FLOAREA-SOARELUI(CEP USM, 2007) Duca, Maria; Bîrsan, Ana; Homenco, Tatiana; Bătrânu, Tatiana; Romaniuc, Mariana; Arteni, Dorina; Ozdemir, DoganThe denaturation s processes kinetics of sunflower and cucumber of different genotypes DNA was studied. The thermal denaturation of DNA macromolecules have proved high melting temperatures at sunflower hybrids, in comparison with cucumber genotypes, this fact denotes the increased stability of DNA macromolecules. he level of hetero-geneity has varied in dependence of genotype and it has correlated with the highest values of morphological and physio-logical parameters which determines the effect of hybrid vigor in studies of genotypes. The kinetics of denaturation processes, realized on two cucumber families, has proved that the first generation hybrids DNA macromolecules had the melting temperature higher, an increased content of G-C and a higher level of heterogeneity, in comparison with parental lines.Item INFLUENTA PREPARATULUI BIOVIT ASUPRA SISTEMULUI SIMBIOTIC LA UNELE SOIURI DE SOIA(CEP USM, 2018) Bîrsan, Ana; Jigău, Gheorghe; Frunză, Maria; Armaș, Angela; Morari, LiliaItem DNA POLYMORPHISM OF THE DROUGHT TOLERANT LOCAL VARIETIES OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.) FROM REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2018) Bîrsan, Ana; Moldovan, Anna; Tran, HoaSoybean roots are a successful material for extraction of large amount of high-quality amplifiable DNA. In soybean, high levels of SSR allele length polymorphism have been reported. Present study demonstrated the opportunity and importance of using genetic-molecular analysis for knowledge of ge- netic resources of the soybean gene pool of the Republic of Moldova, in order to preserve its purity, as well as to capitalize on results in improving soybean germplasm source.Based on the research carried out and on the results obtained with regard to the study of genetic polymorphism in soybean G. max L., we can conclude that the level of genetic polymorphism differs from one genotype to another.Item INFLUENŢA COMPUSULUI DE NATURĂ HUMICĂ „BIOVIT” ASUPRA CREŞTERII ŞI DEZVOLTĂRII PLANTELOR DE SOIA CULTIVATE PE MEDIU NUTRITIV APOS(CEP USM, 2019) Bîrsan, Ana; Jigău, Gheorghe; Armaș, AngelaCompușii humici sunt o componentă majoră a fertilizanţilor organici. În vase de vegetație, pe mediu apos s-a studiat efectul preparatului de natură humică Biovit asupra unor cultivare de soia (Glycine max(L.) Merr.). Suplimentarea mediilor nutritive cu Biovit a redus, iar în unele cazuri a eliminat complet simptomele de carenţă a elementelor nutritive, plantele neprezentând cloroze şi necroze. Biovitul ameliorează starea fiziologică a plantelor pe fond de carenţă a elementelor chimice. Cele mai pronunţate efecte ale compusului de natură humică Biovit asupra plantelor s-au atestat la nivelul sistemului radicular. Efectele majore ale acţiunii Biovitului au fost stabilite pe mediile nutritive cu carenţă de azot şi fosfor, ceea ce demonstrează rolul substanţial al compuşilor de natură humică în metabolizarea acestor elemente chimiceItem EFECTUL TRATĂRII SEMINŢELOR DE SOIA CU SUBSTANŢE DE NATURĂ HUMICĂ ŞI FENOLICĂ ASUPRA CREŞTERII ŞI DEZVOLTĂRII SISTEMULUI RADICULAR(CEP USM, 2012) Bîrsan, Ana; Rotaru, Vladimir; Scutaru, Iurii; Cucer, Ana; Bîrsan, DăgălinaThe radicular system has the ability to react to unfavorable environmental changes via morphological, structural and physiological modifications, feature defined as root plasticity. Changes in root plasticity, in response to environmental conditions were demonstrated in various agricultural crops. In order to highlight the effect of the humic and phenolic compounds on plants the reaction of different soybean genotypes has been studied. The radicular system parameters: the length of main root, the root volume, the root biomass, the number and biomass of the nodules formed by nitric fixing bacteria have been investigated. The analyses have been done at the stage of soybeen blossoming. The plans have been grown in optimal condition of cultivation. The chemical seed treatment has caused the reduction of fresh rootsbiomass of genotypes sensitive to drought (Licurici and Horboveanca), fa vouring the accumulation of biomass of bacterial nodules in the Licurici genotype and raising the number of nitric fixing formations in the Horboveanca genotype. Small concentrations of substances have increased the volume of radicular system and the root biomass, while higher concentrations did not affect the radicular system development in drought tolerant genotypes (Zodiac and S4-04). Administrating a combination of LG 1.0% and 0.05%OC substances favored the development of the soybean symbiotic system.Item STUDIUL EFECTELOR EXOPOLIZAHARIDELOR SELENIZATE ASUPRA MERISTEMELOR RADICUL ARE LA ALLIUM CEPA L.(CEP USM, 2019) Frunză, Maria; Bîrsan, Ana; Şneanina, NataliaIn prezenta lucrare ne-am propus scopul de a testa acţiunea exopolizaharidelor izolate din Spirulina platensis şi modificate prin selenizare (Se-EPS) asupra unor procese din meristemele radiculare la plantele-test. Au fost studiate efectele diferitor concentraţii de Se-EPS (0,5, 1,0, 1,5 şi 2,0 mg/ml) asupra capacităţii germinative a seminţelor de ceapă şi asupraactivităţii mitotice a celulelor meristematice radiculare. S-a constatat că s oluţiile de Se-EPS, în concentraţiile utilizate, au un efect bioinhibitor asupra capacităţii germinative a seminţelor şi diviziunii mitotice a celulelor meristemelor radiculare.Extrapolarea acestor rezultate poate prezenta oportunităţi în prevenţia şi tratamentele terapeutice ale cancerului.Item EVALUAREA ACŢIUNII LIGNOHUMATULUI DE POTASIU ASUPRA DIVIZIUNII CELULARE LA ALLIUM CEPA L.(CEP USM, 2018) Frunză, Maria; Bîrsan, Ana; Begu, TamaraIn prezenta lucrare ne-am propus drept scop să evidenţiem acţiunea lignohumatului de potasiu asupra diviziunii mitotice la plante-test (Allium cepa L.). A fost testată acţiunea a cinci concentraţii diferite de lignohumat de potasiu (0,05%; 0,1%; 0,25%; 0,5%; 1,0%) asupra germinării seminţelor de ceapă prin analiza următorilor parametri: indicele mitotic, indicii fazici ai mitozei, energia germinativă, lungimea rădăcinii şi lungimea tulpinii. Testarea pe plante-test, pe ceapă, a permis stabilirea efectului biostimulator al lignohumatului de potasiu asupra creşterii şi dezvoltării plantelor, în funcţie de concentraţia substanţei. Efectele pozitive ale compusului studiat s-a manifestat la nivel celular prin creşterea indicelui mitotic şi accelerarea unor faze ale diviziunii celulare. Creşterea activităţii mitotice sub influenţa lignohumatului de potasiu a corelat pozitiv cu creşterea indicilor fiziologici de creştere şi dezvoltare.