Institutul de Genetică, Fiziologie şi Protecţie a Plantelor

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    Variabilitatea fenotipică a caracterelor valoroase la grâul durum și triticale [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2025) Rotari, Silvia; Leatamborg, Svetlana
    În lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele studiului a 10 linii de grâu durum de toamnă și 10 linii de triticale de toamnă din câmpul de control. Genotipurile au fost cercetate pe baza unor caractere importante morfobiologice și de productivitate (înălțimea plantei, numărul de tulpini, lungimea spicului, numărul de spiculețe și numărul de boabe per spic, greutatea boabelor per spic șu masa a 1000 boabe). Analiza caracterelor morfologice și a productivității, a evidențiat o variabilitate înaltă în ceea ce privește numărul de frați, numărul de boabe și greutatea lor, ce ne oferă posibilități de selectare a genotipurilor valoroase. În rezultatul cercetărilor au fost identificate și selectate genotipuri utile care s-au utilizat în hibridări ca genitori de caractere valoroase. În baza acestor genotipuri au fost obținuți 40 hibrizi intraspecifici reciproci, care vor fi studiați în generațiile F1-F4.
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    Correlation of yield with quality indicators for triticum Aestivum l. genotypes
    (CEP USM, 2024) Pravdziva, Iryna; Shadchyna, Tamara
    This article presents correlations between yield and wide range of quality indicators of genotypes Triticum aestivum L. They include physical indicators of grain quality, flour and bread quality indicators as well as rheological properties of dough. A significant influence of growing conditions on the strength and direction of the relationship between yield and grain quality indicators is noted. A number of varieties and breeding lines of winter bread wheat have been identified, which combine in one genotype a higher level of yield with correspondingly high grain quality indicators, which should be used in practical breeding to create new basic material.
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    STUDII ALE VARIABILITĂȚII ȘI HERITABILITĂȚII CARACTERELOR DE PRODUCTIVITATE ȘI CALITATE LA GRÂUL COMUN
    (CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, Nicolae; Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivară, Ala
    The article presents the results of the genetic-environmental control study of the productivity elements of the common autumn wheat spike (7 genotypes during the years 2020-2022). The objects of the work: i) recording the elements of productivity; ii) establishing the weight (%) of the year, genotype, year x genotype interaction factors of in the source of variability character; iii) calculation of genetic parameters of variability and heritability, heritability coefficient; iv) determination of the biochemical quality of wheat grains. Research methods: biometric, biochemical, mathematical, statistical. Results obtained - the particularities were established: i) variability, heritability, the factorial weight of the conditions of the year and the wheat genotype in the source of variation of the productivity elements of the spike; ii) heritability and genetic advance; iii) the content of proteins, wet gluten, dry gluten, carbohydrates in grains during the years of study.
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    Evaluarea producţiei şi calităţii speciei Alopecurus pratensis în condiţiile specifice Depresiunii Başovului
    (CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Tod, Monica; Bălan, Mironela; Zevedei, Paul; Andreoiu, Andreea
    The study was carried out based on the experience of a comparative culture, which is composed of 11 genotypes of Alopecurus pratensis and presents the production capacity and the quality of the fodder obtained under the specific conditions of the Brașov Depression in the year 2023. The results obtained showed that the production of dry matter of the species was obtained between 8.68 and 10.27 tons per hectare. The fodder quality of the species was good, having an average content of crude protein (CB) of 13.8%, in crude fiber (CF) of 32.6%, and digestibility coefficients (DMD, DOM) varied between 57.4 and 60.5%. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the species Alopecurus pratensis in culture has a high potential, a minimum of three harvests can be made in an agricultural year, at first cut the highest production of dry matter is obtained, representing 45% of the total production, and depending on the phenophase of the vegetation at harvest, the fodder obtained can ensure a high quality.
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    Valorificarea liniilor noi de grâu durum de toamnă ca donator de caractere valoroase
    (CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Rotari, Silvia; Gore, Andrei; Leatamborg, Svetlana
    In the result of researching after the qualitative characters (mass per 1000 grains, hectolitric mass, grain germination, percentage of glassy and the harvest of lines on 5m2 were selected 10 lines of winter durum wheat. All the studied lines showed themselves in different ways according to certain signs. The analysis of the morphological characters and the productivity of the ear, of the studied lines revealed a high variability of the number of stems, by the number of grains, their weight and mass per 1000 grains that offer us possibilities to select the genotypes of interest after these characters. As a result of studying the above-named characters, we selected a new initial material, which was used in intraspecific hybridization in order to create a new material with high productivity and resistance to environmental factors.