Institutul de Genetică, Fiziologie şi Protecţie a Plantelor
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Item Efectul stresului de temperatură negativă asupra mobilizării rezervelor din semințe pentru germinare și creșterea timpurie a plantulelor diferitor hibrizi de porumb(CEP USM, 2024) Cauș, MariaA fost studiat efectul stresului de temperatură negativă (STN) de -4°C cu durata de 16 ore aplicat semințelor a 14 hibrizi de porumb înainte de germinare asupra mobilizării și translocării substanțelor de rezervă din endospermul semințelor în germinare și creștere a plantulelor. S-a stabilit că STN a avut un impact semnificativ asupra ratei de masă a endospermului (RME) consumată în formarea unei unități de masă de rădăcină, epicotil și respirație, prin inhibarea mobilizării masei endospermului în procesele de germinare și creștere a plantulelor. În baza datelor obținute, în funcție de % RME utilizată în germinare și creștere au fost evidențiați hibrizi cu valorile RME: (I) ≈ 24%-27% ; (II) ≈ 15% - 17% și (III) ≈ 5%-8%) mai mică, față de valorile variantelor martor.Item Storage potential of flax (Linum usitatissimum l.) samples - an indicator of seed longevity during ex situ conservation(CEP USM, 2024) Corlateanu, Liudmila; Мihaila, Victoria; Ganea, Anatolie; Сutitaru, DoinaThe article examines the effectiveness of the accelerated seed aging method for assessing the storage potential of flax samples for ex situ conservation in active genetic bank collections. The use of this method, which involves incubation of seeds at high temperature and humidity, allows the effects of unfavourable environmental factors to be adequately modelled and their influence on seed stability to be predicted. Various morphophysiological and biochemical parameters were used to determine the storage potential of seeds in order to predict their successful storage in the plant genome bank. Flax samples with high storage potential were identified. The data obtained indicate that the accelerated seed aging test allows the evaluation of differences in resistance between different varieties of important crop species.Item Impactul temperaturii și a extractului vegetal asupra germinării porumbului(CEP USM, 2024) Luțcan, Elena; Ivanova, Raisa; Borovskaia, Alla; Elisovețcaia, Dina; Spînu, AngelaThe aim was to assess the physiological peculiarities of food corn germination influenced by the extract (JS), obtained from the plant Juniperus sabina L., and to evaluate the combined impact of high temperature at 50°C and treatment with JS. The corn seeds such as super sweet Porumbeni 300 (P300), popcorn Porumbeni 398 (P398) and corn for flour Porumbeni 402 (P402) were studied. Based on the data of oweral germination changes, the seeds of P398 and P402 hybrids were more resistant to heat stress compared to P300 seeds. The JS extract acted as a plant growth regulator, the greatest effect was evaluated in the seed treatment of hybrid P402.Item Influenţa deficitului hidric asupra germinării seminţelor unor genotipuri de grâu(CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Jelev, NataliaIn order to determine the parameters that can be used as a rapid criterion for assessing drought resistance, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate six wheat genotypes, to the stress of drought induced by polyethylene glycol during germination and seedling growth. Seven parameters characterizing the germination processes were studied; germination energy, germination capacity, speed of germination, speed of accumulated germination, coefficient of the rate of germination, mean germination time, vigor index and two growth parameters; root length and shoot height were measured under the experimental conditions. The average comparison showed that the highest value for the majority were recorded for the genotypes Moldova 16, Moldova 614 and Lăutarii.Item EVALUAREA REZISTENȚEI DIFERITOR HIBRIZI DE PORUMB LA STRESUL DE TEMPERATURĂ NEGATIVĂ ÎN STADIU DE GERMINARE A SEMINȚELOR(CEP USM, 2024) Cauș, Maria; Borozan, PanteleimonThe main objective of the study was to determine the constitutive resistance of 14maize hybrids to negative temperature stress. To achieve the proposed objective, the seedsf the experimental variants were exposed to hypothermic stress, being incubated at negative temperature of -4°C for 16 hours in the climatic chamber RUMED TYPE 3401 (RFG) with the accuracy of maintaining the temperature ± 0.1ºC. At the same time, control seeds were incubated at a temperature of +4°C. Then control and experimental seeds were germinated at an optimal temperature of +26°C for 5 days, followed by determination of the final percentage of germinaton. Pretreatment of maize seeds with negative temperature stress made it possible to identify and evaluate the primary stress resistance of each hybrid. Depending on the degree of constitutive frost resistance of each hybrid, the distribution and classification of the studied hybrids into 3 groups was carried out, including hybrids with high, medium and low frost resistance.Item VARIABILITATEA UNOR TRĂSĂTURI CANTITATIVE LA GRÂUL DE TOAMNĂ ÎN CONDIȚII DE SECETĂ(CEP USM, 2023) Sașco, ElenaIt has been researched the response of some quantitative traits at the early ontogeny stage of the wheat genotypes M79/M5 (aristate), M79/M5 (nonaristate) and Mirg./Od.162/M79 under conditions of water restriction adjusted with polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) in concentrations of 10% and 16% at temperatures of 22oC and 12oC. Variance analysis revealed PEG desiccation with major weight in the phenotypic variance of Germination and Stem/Root ratio (80.2% and 74.3%). The temperature was accounted for 85.2%, 88.8% and 88.0% of the variance of Root, Stem and Whole Plant. Both stressors produced 38.5% and 57.0% in phenotyping the Integral Plant Index. The high values both for Heritability coefficient in broad sense, but also for Genetic advance over the mean predict an advantage in the improvement of wheat during drought.Item QUALITY CHANGES DURING STORAGE OF BEECH SEEDS COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT PLACES(CEP USM, 2023) Elisovetcaia, Dina; Ivanova, Raisa; Popovschi, Ecaterina; Mascenco, NataliaIn this study, the changes in quality of Fagus sylvatica seeds collected in 2020 from different places of the Republic of Moldova (Plaiul Fagului, Hîrjauca) and Ukraine (Zakarpattia) on the third year of storage were evaluated. Beech seeds quality maintenance depended on the values of moisture, initial viability and seeds germination. The seeds from the Plaiul Fagului with a higher initial germination 76.7-84.0% and lower moisture content (8.69-9.24%) slightly reduced their quality during storage, by 1.0-2.3%.The germination indices such as germination rate, mean daily germination, average seed germination time, total time of seed germination, were improved by treatment of stored seeds with the natural bioregulator, genistifolioside. Treatment with genistifolioside also contributed to the elongation of seed roots by 17- 24% in all variants.