Institutul de Genetică, Fiziologie şi Protecţie a Plantelor

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Start date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.lines

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    Variability and equality of biochemical qualitative characteristics varieties and lines new tomato obtained in vitro [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Sîromeatnicov, Iulia; Cotenco, Eugenia; Paladi, Dana; Brezeanu, Petre; Ambărus, Silvica
    In the agrarian sector, lines, varieties, which had high uniformity, distinctiveness and stability of fruit productivity and quality in different environmental conditions, were of particular importance. The most important trend in the strategy of plant breeding at the stage of adaptive intensification in agriculture was combining the resistance of the varieties to the stress- producing abiotic factors of the environment with high levels of fruit productivity and quality. The determination of the genetic complex of quantitative characters, including drought resistance, hindered the success of the breeding process, the purpose of which was to create genotypes combining many valuable characters. As a result of distance hybridization, interest for the breeder also presents the spectrum of genetic variability, which increases the efficiency of genotypes selection with high productivity and increased resistance to environmental stressors. One of the main tasks of amelioration was grandiose blending in the same variety of high productivity and resistance to stress factors (drought).
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    Variabilitatea fenotipică a caracterelor valoroase la grâul durum și triticale [Articol]
    (CEP USM, 2025) Rotari, Silvia; Leatamborg, Svetlana
    În lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele studiului a 10 linii de grâu durum de toamnă și 10 linii de triticale de toamnă din câmpul de control. Genotipurile au fost cercetate pe baza unor caractere importante morfobiologice și de productivitate (înălțimea plantei, numărul de tulpini, lungimea spicului, numărul de spiculețe și numărul de boabe per spic, greutatea boabelor per spic șu masa a 1000 boabe). Analiza caracterelor morfologice și a productivității, a evidențiat o variabilitate înaltă în ceea ce privește numărul de frați, numărul de boabe și greutatea lor, ce ne oferă posibilități de selectare a genotipurilor valoroase. În rezultatul cercetărilor au fost identificate și selectate genotipuri utile care s-au utilizat în hibridări ca genitori de caractere valoroase. În baza acestor genotipuri au fost obținuți 40 hibrizi intraspecifici reciproci, care vor fi studiați în generațiile F1-F4.
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    Traits of tomato male gametophyte as a criterion for selection of breeding valuable forms at early stages of ontogenesis
    (CEP USM, 2024) Makovei, Milania
    In vitro assessment of pollen qualitative traits affecting reproductive and other functions of tomato plants was carried out, including under the influence of a high-temperature stress factor in multimarker lines and F1 hybrids obtained on their basis. The F1 hybrids and lines are characterized by morphological traits of pollen. It was revealed that the morphological heterogeneity of pollen grains in the F1 hybrid Rozamak is associated with the dominant inheritance of the ls gene from the maternal form. It has been shown that the processes of pollen germination and pollen tube growth under in vitro conditions in both freshly collected and heat-treated F1 hybrids occur synchronously and in a shorter period (1-2 hours) than in their parental lines.
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    Valorificarea liniilor noi de grâu durum de toamnă ca donator de caractere valoroase
    (CEP USM, 2024-10-07) Rotari, Silvia; Gore, Andrei; Leatamborg, Svetlana
    In the result of researching after the qualitative characters (mass per 1000 grains, hectolitric mass, grain germination, percentage of glassy and the harvest of lines on 5m2 were selected 10 lines of winter durum wheat. All the studied lines showed themselves in different ways according to certain signs. The analysis of the morphological characters and the productivity of the ear, of the studied lines revealed a high variability of the number of stems, by the number of grains, their weight and mass per 1000 grains that offer us possibilities to select the genotypes of interest after these characters. As a result of studying the above-named characters, we selected a new initial material, which was used in intraspecific hybridization in order to create a new material with high productivity and resistance to environmental factors.
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    LINII DE PERSPECTIVĂ PENTRU OBȚINEREA SOIURILOR DE TOMATE CU REZISTENȚĂ SPORITĂ LA AGENȚII PATOGENI
    (CEP USM, 2023) Sîromeatnicov, Iulia; Cotenco, Eugenia; Paladi, Dana
    The investigated researches were oriented towards studying the dynamics of development and evolution of diseases in tomato culture with the assessment of resistance comparative of plants to pathogens visualized in field conditions (Alternaria sp.; Stolbur disease mycoplasma and Tomato mosaic virus (TMV). The research results show us that the effects caused by the disease Alternaria sp., in tomato lines cultured by seedlings were contaminated with the percentage value of 68,7%, at the same time for the parental forms cultured by seeds this disease constituted maximum values of 89.1%. The difference between perspective lines and parental forms is 20.4%. The maximum size of the values obtained in parental forms exceeds by 21.6% the outlook lines for the Stolbur disease mycoplasma.