Institutul de Genetică, Fiziologie şi Protecţie a Plantelor
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Item Beneficiile fenomenelor sinergice în protecția plantelor cu aplicarea preparatelor biologice(CEP USM, 2024) Voloșciuc, Leonid; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Pînzaru, Boris; Samoilova, Anna; Harciuc, Oleg; Zavtoni, Pantelimon; Lungu, Andrei; Crucean, Ștefan; Curiev, Loredana; Chistol, MarelaThe biological protection of plants through various ecological approaches, the significant diversity of the means used (entomophagous organisms, biological preparations, biologically active substances) and their high biological and economic effectiveness, managed to attract substantial attention and gained a high degree of recognition both among the specialists of highly qualified, as well as agricultural producers, regardless of the form of ownership. The effectiveness of applied biological approaches and methods is also increased against the background of the increasing impact of pesticide media and the need to solve ecological problems. On the path to increasing economic efficiency, we have established the benefits of the simultaneous use of two or more biological means.Item Impact of bacteriophages on the fire blight disease prevalence on qiunce(CEP USM, 2024) Samoilova, AnnaThe effect of the phage therapy in the fire blight disease control was studied at the quince experimental plot and in the quince orchard. Quince plants at the experimental plot were treated with Erwinia amylovora bacteriophages over the last ten vegetation seasons while quince trees at the orchard were treated with preparations recommended for the fire blight control. It was found out that in the conditions, favorable for the fire blight causative agent development, the disease prevalence in the orchard where the phage therapy was not used was significantly higher than on the quince trees treated with bacteriophages.Item BACTERIOPHAGES IN THE QUINCE TREES PROTECTION AGAINST THE FIRE BLIGHT DISEASE(CEP USM, 2023) Samoilova, AnnaThe system “bacteria Erwinia amylovora — bacteriophages Erwinia amylovora” has been investigated in the quince shoots under the controlled temperature and humidity and the absence of the most inhabitants of the orchard microbiocenosis; in the quince plants under the partially controlled conditions of the experimental plot and in the commercial quince orchard under the pressure of the biotic and abiotic stressors. In all three investigated environments E. amylovora bacteriophages, used in the experiments, demonstrated ability to suppress the fire blight pathogen bacterium Erwinia amylovora growth in the quince plants tissues.Item EFICACITATEA TRATĂRII PLANTELOR LA CARTOF CU SUSPENSII DE BACTERII ENTOMOPATOGENE ÎN SINERGIE CU DERIVAȚI AI ACIDULUI PARA-AMINOBENZOIC(CEP USM, 2023) Zavtony, Panteleimon; Stîngaci, Aurelia; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Samoilova, Anna; Goncharuk, Violetta; Lisouskaya, Maria; Mihalichiuk, Al.Researchers from the Republic of Moldova jointly with those from the Republic of Belarus have conducted studies on the growing conditions in 2022 for the "Riviera" potato variety, assessing the influence of the consequences of unfavorable climatic factors on the formation of the photosynthetic potential and productivity of plants, the quantity and quality of the harvest. Thus, after the second decade of May 2022, at the USM's IGFPP potato lot, experiments were mounted according to the scheme: treatment with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives 10-2,10-4, 10-6 in complex with Bacillus thuringhiensis cousin. thuringhiensis (1.5x109UCF/ml) and control – water sprinkling in the variants of experiences. Infurrow and foliar treatments were applied to potatoes with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives 10-2, 10-4, 10-6 mixed with Bacillus thurigiensis var. thuringiensis. The biological activity of the derivatives of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)10-2, 10-4, 10-6 mol/l was determined in a mixture with Bacillus thuringhiensis var. thuringhiensis (1.5x109UCF/ml) in the experimental batch of potato for the development of biological plant protection products.Item STUDIU EFICACITĂȚII COMPLEXE AL AGENȚILOR BIOLOGICI LA MĂR ȘI CARTOF LA TEMPERATURI RIDICATE(CEP USM, 2023) Stîngaci, Aurelia; Zavtony, Panteleimon; Șcerbacova, Tatiana; Samoilova, Anna; Goncharuk, Violetta; Lisouskaya, Maria; Mihalichiuk, Al.Products of microbial origin in combination with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) derivatives, can be the basis for organic farming and plant resistance to unfavorable environmental factors inducing, as well as for the crop yield increasing. The article presents the results of the study of efficiency of fruit-cultures and potato plantations treatment with aqueous suspensions of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis with addition of para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives solutions in concentrations 10-2, 10-4, 10-6 mol/l. An increase in the average weight of fruits and tubers and a reduction in disease and insect damage were observed in all variants of the experiment compared to the control. The studied derivatives exhibited higher biological activity at the lower concentration than PABA. The best trial was treatment with a mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki with the addition of an aqueous solution of PABA at concentrations of 10-4 and 10-6 mol/l. It was shown that the use of Bacillus spp. with the addition of the para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives solutions, leads to an improvement in the functional state of plants, contributing to the activation of the active resistance mechanisms to the action of the stress factors. The results obtained demonstrate the possibility of using entomopathogenic bacteria in a tank mixture with PABA for the creation of biological preparations as alternatives to pesticides and the development of biological methods of plant protection.