Institutul de Genetică, Fiziologie şi Protecţie a Plantelor

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Author: search.filters.author.Cristea, NicolaeSubject: search.filters.subject.wheat

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    Research on the interaction peculiarities of common wheat with Fusarium Oxysporum isolates [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Cristea, Nicolae; Lupascu, Galina
    The purpose of the research was to establish the cluster organization of Fusarium oxysporum isolates, collected in different localities of the Republic of Moldova, the variability and heritability of wheat plant growth and development traits in interaction with the pathogen. Methods for isolating and identifying fungi, preparing culture filtrates, infecting plants, morphometric, and statistical data processing were applied. Treatment of common wheat grains with culture filtrates of 9 F. oxysporum isolates, demonstrated their different virulence, which allowed their successful classification into clusters with different pathogenic potential. Factorial analysis of the weight of plant genotype, F. oxysporum isolate and their interaction in the source of variation of growth characters demonstrated that the genotype recorded: 48 ... 63%, the isolate factor: 17 ... 23%, the genotype x isolate interaction – 11 ... 23%. Relatively high values were recorded for the heritability coefficient in the broad sense (0.53 ... 0.69) and genetic advantage (13.39 ... 24.74%) for growth and development traits in the interaction of common wheat with F. oxysporum isolates, which reveals the high opportunities for creating resistant wheat genotypes in limited terms.
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    Influence of the Fusarium oxysporum fungus on the transgressive potential of growth traits of common wheat [Articol]
    (Editura USM, 2025) Lupascu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana
    The purpose of the research was to establish the reaction of 7 parents, 4 pairs of F2 hybrids of common winter wheat, obtained based on 4 pairs of reciprocal F1 hybrids, and the transgressive potential of growth and development organs to the treatment of grains with Fusarium oxysporum culture filtrate. The pathogen was isolated from wheat plants with root rot symptoms and identified by macro- and microscopic methods. The culture filtrate (CF) was prepared on the basis of Cszapek liquid medium. After treating the grains for 18 hours with CF, the seedlings were cultivated for 6 days, after which morphometric analyses of growth characters were performed. Plant distribution histograms were analyzed according to variant and character. The degree (Tg), the frequency (Tf) of transgressions were calculated and the important role of the plant-pathogen interaction mode, the parental factor in the spectrum of phenotypic classes and transgressive manifestations in segregating populations were found.
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    Rolul variabilității genetice în interacțiunea grâului cu Alternaria alternata
    (CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana
    The article presents data on the reaction of 10 common winter wheat genotypes to culture filtrates of Alternaria alternata isolates. Through factorial analysis, the role of wheat genotype (42.2 ... 51.1%) in the source of variation in radicle length, stem length, seedling length was found. The A. alternata isolate factor presented a higher weight for germination (48.9%) and vigor index (49.0%). The association of the high level of the coefficient of heritability with the advanced genetic progress shows that in the control of growth and development characters additive factors are involved.
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    Variabilitatea atacului bolilor foliare la forme de perspectivă de grâu comun
    (CEP USM, 2024) Cristea, Nicolae; Gavzer, Svetlana; Lupașcu, Galina
    The aim of the present research was to establish the attack characteristics of foliar diseases (septoriosis, brown rust, yellow rust, powdery mildew) in 25 prospective genotypes of common winter wheat in years with different climatic conditions (2023, 2024). It was found: i) the strong dependence of the disease of wheat plants on climatic factors (the intensity of yellow rust in 2023 and of powdery mildew in 2024); ii) significant variability in susceptibility of wheat populations / genotypes. Common winter wheat populations/lines with reduced complex disease susceptibility have been identified, that can be implemented in breeding programs.
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    STUDII ALE VARIABILITĂȚII ȘI HERITABILITĂȚII CARACTERELOR DE PRODUCTIVITATE ȘI CALITATE LA GRÂUL COMUN
    (CEP USM, 2024) Lupaşcu, Galina; Gavzer, Svetlana; Cristea, Nicolae; Rudacova, Angela; Cherdivară, Ala
    The article presents the results of the genetic-environmental control study of the productivity elements of the common autumn wheat spike (7 genotypes during the years 2020-2022). The objects of the work: i) recording the elements of productivity; ii) establishing the weight (%) of the year, genotype, year x genotype interaction factors of in the source of variability character; iii) calculation of genetic parameters of variability and heritability, heritability coefficient; iv) determination of the biochemical quality of wheat grains. Research methods: biometric, biochemical, mathematical, statistical. Results obtained - the particularities were established: i) variability, heritability, the factorial weight of the conditions of the year and the wheat genotype in the source of variation of the productivity elements of the spike; ii) heritability and genetic advance; iii) the content of proteins, wet gluten, dry gluten, carbohydrates in grains during the years of study.