This study investigates the effects of seed priming in triticale using extracts from Arthrospira platensis cultivated with copper nanoparticles (CuNP) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONP). Results demonstrate significant increases in chlorophyll, carotenoid, and phenolic content, alongside enhanced antioxidant activity in the leaves. Notably, the treatment with nanoparticle-enriched extracts reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating a protective effect against oxidative stress. The findings suggest that spirulina-based extracts, even with the addition of nanoparticles, can enhance crop health, offering a sustainable approach to agriculture.
