Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://msuir.usm.md/handle/123456789/6
Browse
58 results
Search Results
Item Provocările actuale privind exercitarea mandatului Avocatului Poporului în contextul angajamentelor de asociere(CEP USM, 2024-09-20) Zubco, AlexandruOn July 1, 2016, the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states and the Republic of Moldova entered into force. And, on August 4, 2017, the Association Council approved the EU-Republic of Moldova Association Program. Among the short-term priorities of the program in the field of "political dialogue, good governance and strengthening institutions" was, inter alia, the completion of the reform of the People's Advocate institution, by improving Law no. 52 of April 3, 2014 regarding the People's Advocate (Ombudsman), in in accordance with the recommendations of the Venice Commission, and ensuring its financing according to the Paris Principles. In concrete terms, according to the Association Program, the Government of the Republic of Moldova was to strengthen the function of the People's Advocate, including through amendments to the law on the People's Advocate and the law on whistleblowers, by providing human and financial resources and an appropriate headquarters , in accordance with the provisions of the National Human Rights Action Plan, so that the Ombudsman can carry out his duties effectively. In 2023, the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova adopts urgent amendments to the Law on the People's Advocate, which aims at the inviolability of the Ombudsman, the procedure for appointing the People's Advocate, the conditions for early termination of the mandate, the exclusion of the public competition for the Ombudsman's deputies and the imposition of the duty to pay stamp duties in the case of actions in court. These changes were presented to the Association Council in 2023. Then, through the European Commission's 2023 country report, it is mentioned that the institution of the Ombudsman has been fully consolidated; the institution has "A" status; such as that the Ombudsmen enjoy inviolability when carrying out their duties and that the revocation of both lawyers requires a prior hearing by the full Parliament. At the same time, the European document suggests that the office is financed from the state budget, and its representatives have the right to address the parliament if the resources made available are insufficient to fulfill their mandate. Following the 2023 Expansion Package, it was decided to grant the EU candidate status to the Republic of Moldova. On June 21, 2024, the decree on the initiation of accession negotiations was signed. The respective article shows certain aspects omitted during the period of strengthening the capacities of the Ombudsman Institution, as well as some problematic aspects in achieving the full constitutional mandate of the People's Advocate in the context of European association commitments. The paper shows the importance of implementing the recommendations of the Association Council, of the Venice Commission, of the Universal Periodic Review tool by national authorities in order to have an independent and consolidated institution for a real protection of fundamental rights and freedoms.Item REGLEMENTAREA MECANISMULUI NAȚIONAL DE PREVENIRE A TORTURII: CONSIDERAȚII GENERALE(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Cheptene, VeronicaProtocolul Opțional la Convenția ONU împotriva torturii introduce un sistem inovativ de mecanisme de monitorizare a locurilor de detenție, menite să prevină aplicarea relelor tratamente prin determinarea practicilor viciate prezente în locuri de detenție, care pot determina încălcarea drepturilor persoanelor private de libertate. Unul din mecanismele create prin Protocolul Opțional este Mecanismul Național de Prevenire a Torturii. În cadrul studiului dat ne-am pus drept scop examinarea reglementării universale și naționale a Mecanismul Național de Prevenire a Torturii, stabilind rolul acestui mecanism în monitorizarea nivelului de respectare a drepturilor persoanelor private de libertate. Am analizat standardele internaționale relevante, precum Protocolul Opțional la Convenția împotriva torturii, și modul în care acesta este transpus în legislația națională. În cadrul studiului dat, ne-am stabilit următoarele obiective: analiza cadrului legal internațional și național relevant prin care este reglementat și introdus Mecanismul Național de Prevenire a Torturii, analiza transpunerii standardelor internaționale în legislația națională, analiza arhitecturii organelor convenționale privind prevenirea torturii. În concluzie, lucrarea evidențiază importanța activității Mecanismului Național de Prevenire a Torturii, care joacă un rol important în asigurarea respectării drepturilor omului, a protejării integrității fizice și psihice a persoanelor aflate în detenție și în promovarea unui sistem de justiție penală corect și uman.Item PROCESELE SUBCULTURALE – FACTOR REPRESIV AL DREPTURILOR OMULUI ÎN PENITENCIARE(CEP USM, 2024) Samoilenco, VictorÎn zilele noastre, drepturile omului rerpezintă un imperativ oriunde în lume inclusiv în mediul carceral. Din păcate capacitatea organelor de drept de a garanta respectarea lor în mediul carceral este uneori diminuată de factori precum subcultura criminală și procesele negative pe care aceasta le include. Apare necesitatea de a transforma formarea și dezvoltarea profesională a cadrelor penitenciare într-un element-cheie al strategiei combative. În formarea și dezvoltarea profesională a cadrelor penitenciare, drepturile omului trebuie să reprezinte o prioritate și este necesar ca formatorii să acționeze cognitiv și atitudinal. Este la fel importantă cunoaşterea legilor în domeniul drepturilor omului cât şi mecanismele lor de implemnetare. Fără o bună pregătire a cadrelor pnitenciare drepturile omului nu pot fi garantate şi subcultura criminală nu poate fi diminuată.Item PARTICIPAREA STATULUI PRIVIND ASIGURAREA DREPTURILOR OMULUI ÎN ERA DIGITALĂ(CEP USM, 2024) Mercuș, RaduActualmente suntem într-o societate dezvoltată din punct de vedere tehnologic cu toate că mai există undeva carențe continuăm să ne mișcăm într-un timp alert pentru a fi în pas cu lumea pentru a reuși să atingem obiectivele stabilite.Domeniul IT reprezintă sursa de care are nevoie societatea pentru a îndeplini acele lucrări care simplei persoane ar avea nevoie de întâmpinat careva dificultăți fie că calitatea materialului ce trebuie executat trebuie să fie îndeplinit după anumite criterii accesibile doar cu tehnica modernă adaptată zilelor noastre și deasemena îndeplinirea comenzilor în perioade stabile de timp.Avem centre de instruire dipsunem de instituții,organizații,agenții specializate în dezvoltarea,promovarea sau protejarea drepturilor omului în era digitală prin adoptarea de diferite proiecte,acte normative,participarea la diferite evenimente ce are drept scop abordarea problemelor cu care se confruntă societatea actualmente și cu am reuși să implementăm anumite proiecte pentru a combate acele dificultăți zilnice.Item CONSTITUȚIONALITATEA RESTRICȚIILOR DIN 2022 ASUPRA LIBERTĂȚII DE EXPRIMARE LA ÎNTRUNIRILE PUBLICE. ROLUL OMBUDSMANULUI(CEP USM, 2024) Zubco, AlexandruThe scientific work represents a reflection on the level of respect for fundamental human freedoms, such as freedom of assembly and expression following the actions of the national public authorities from October 2022. In September-October 2022, public anti-government meetings took place in the municipality of Chisinau. On October 13, 2022, by Decision of the Commission for Exceptional Situations no. 42, meetings for a period of more than four hours were prohibited and the removal of meeting participants was allowed, without the involvement of the organizer. On October 16, 2022, the police intervened in force and removed the participants of the protest from the center of the capital. In May 2023 there is a government meeting entitled“Moldova European National Assembly” which is allowed and supported by the authorities and the police. Although, the Republic of Moldova recognizes free expression as a fundamental form of voicing the population’s dissatisfaction with governing act, it seems that from 2022 this constitutional principle started to be affected. The government has initiated a series of processes camouflaged under the aspect of respecting national interests and public order in order to reduce manifestations inappropriate to it. The article in its extended version was addressed in a thematic report of the People’s Advocate, prepared by the author.Item DREPTURILE OMULUI ÎN CONTEXTUL DIGITALIZĂRII(2024) Rascu, FlorinThe purpose of this article is to raise an alarm about the use of digital tools in everyday life. It is not enough to understand the usefulness of digital competence, but we must identify the risks to which we are subject, in such a way as to protect our own fundamental rights but also the rights of those around us. The legal systems of the states have in turn adapted to the new social reality, affected by the evolution of information and communication technologies. But the dynamics of the digital revolution go beyond the legislative process, which makes us have a proactive attitude. Education, correct information on the risks as well as the cooperation of public and private institutions can protect the users of digital tools. We need to strike a balance between access to information and basic human rights. The role of this balance rests with the legislator and the education system.Item FUNDAMENTE JURISPRUDENȚIALE ÎN MATERIA SPORTULUI: PRACTICA CURȚII EUROPENE A DREPTURILOR OMULUI(CEP USM, 2024) Televca, OlegIn this article we will refer to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the field of sports. In this context, we can talk about the existence of a fairly consistent and complex relevant jurisprudence. Although the Republic of Moldova does not have disputes in the field of sports that are the subject of examination at the Court, it is still interesting what kind of cases are examined by it.Item EFECTELE INTELIGENȚEI ARTIFICIALE ASUPRA DREPTULUI LA EDUCAȚIE(CEP USM, 2024) Dragomir, Andreea-NicoletaThe paper aims to underscore the necessity for a responsible, ethical, and interdisciplinary approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education, aiming to maximize its benefits while safeguarding fundamental rights and values. It also emphasizes the crucial need for adopting appropriate public policies to plan and govern the integration of AI into the education system. Various aspects related to the impact of AI in education are explored, including the substantial investments made by the European Commission in research and innovation within the realm of digital education. The paper delves into the utilization of data and its analysis to support educational management and the implementation of personalized learning processes. Additionally, it highlights the rights and working conditions of teachers in the era of AI, emphasizing that, despite AI’s supportive role in education, human interaction remains foundational, and the rights and working conditions of teachers must be safeguarded. The rights of children concerning the use of AI in education, along with the necessity for the “right to be forgotten” in the context of data protection in the age of AI, are other noteworthy sections presented in the paper. Lastly, the paper underscores the significance of digital literacy, encompassing not only the ability to use technology but also an understanding of the concepts, skills and ethical dimensions associated with the development and utilization of artificial intelligence.Item DISCRIMINAREA DIGITALĂ ȘI PROTEJAREA DREPTURILOR OMULUI: PROVOCĂRI ȘI SOLUȚII(CEP USM, 2024) Bulea, IuleaDiscrimination manifests through unfair treatment or exclusion based on characteristics such as race, nationality, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation, or disabilities. This practice profoundly impacts individuals’ lives, limiting access to opportunities and fundamental rights. Combating discrimination involves education, awareness, and the implementation of inclusive policies. It is crucial to promote diversity and build societies where everyone is respected and valued for their uniqueness. The fight against discrimination represents a collective commitment to a future where equality and human rights become the norm. In the expanding digital age, where technology plays a central role in all aspects of our lives, there is a growing concern about digital discrimination and its implications for human rights. This work explores the impact of digital technology on discrimination and human rights, highlighting how states and security actors can manage these challenges to strike a balance between security and the respect for fundamental rights in the digital environment. The subject covers aspects such as excessive monitoring, discriminatory profiling, algorithmic discrimination, and technological and legal solutions to protect human rights in the digital era. Digital discrimination takes various forms, including the use of algorithms that can perpetuate and even amplify existing inequalities. Discriminatory profiling, excessive monitoring, and unfair access to technology are just a few challenges individuals face in this digital era. Thus, fundamental questions arise regarding the respect for fundamental rights in a digitally evolving environment. A solution lies in educating the public about the risks of digital discrimination. Promoting ethical and responsible technology use is very important to counteracting potential negative effects.Item CONSTANTE ȘI VARIABILE ÎN MĂSURAREA EFICIENȚEI MECANISMELOR DE PROTECȚIE A DREPTURILOR OMULUI(CEP USM, 2024) Ciobanu, RodicaThis article introduces in a generalizing and argumentative form of the need for methodological consistency in the implementation of state legal policies in the field of human rights. The content of this article is based on research carried out in recent years, which has been oriented towards defining the means of ensuring the effectiveness of human rights protection mechanisms. The human rights are seen as a fundamental need and a benchmark for the degree to which people perceive their own human worth.