Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law

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    PEDEAPSA PENALĂ ÎNTRE SCOP ȘI RISC
    (CEP USM, 2024) Vasiliu, Liuba
    The existence of a framework of penalties in criminal law is a decisive legal and criminal law role and purpose. It ensures, first and foremost, the principle of the legality of penalties and guarantees the applicability of criminal law mechanisms and instruments against crime. The risk of the framework of penalties arises at the time oftheir individualization, because in addition to their general objective nature, which is clearly established and regulated, there is the individual subjective nature, which unfortunately cannot be fitted into a normative template.
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    LIBERAREA CONDIȚIONATĂ DE PEDEAPSĂ ÎNAINTE DE TERMEN A MINORILOR
    (CEP USM, 2022-09-30) Groian, Elena
    Sometimes, there is a tendency in contemporary society to compare the behavior of the adolescent with that of the adult, attributing to the adolescent the moral conscience and discernment of the adult. But a minor cannot be asked to respect the morality and norms that act vis-à-vis adults, because such a criterion is inoperative for a minor who does not have the necessary capacity to understand the consequences of the deviant act. Thus, the conditional release from punishment of minors requires increased more attention from the state but also the supervision of the minor throughout the conditional release term.
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    CONDAMNAREA INFRACTORULUI – O MĂSURĂ SUFICIENTĂ DE SATISFACȚIE ȘI COMPENSARE A PREJUDICIULUI MORAL CAUZAT VICTIMEI INFRACȚIUNII ?
    (CEP USM, 2022) Şavga, Alina
    Undoubtedly, the conviction of the offender is an important measure of protection of the social values promoted by the state and also constitutes a fair moral satisfaction for the victim, but at the same time, it is not enough when material or moral damage is also inflicted to the victim. A justice in which the damage caused to the victim is not completely recovered, and where the offender is sentenced to prison, can only count as an incomplete form of justice or as a breach of equity. The offender’s conviction is important for the re-establishment of social justice and for the fulfillment of other goals proposed by the lawmaker during the process of criminal punishment, such as: the correction and resocialization of the offender; general and special deterrence; but not to achieve the principle of “restitutio in integrum” for the victim of the crime.
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    IMPORTANȚA LIBERĂRII CONDIȚIONATE DE PEDEAPSA PENALĂ ÎNAINTE DE TERMEN
    (Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2021) Groian, Elena
    The institution of release from criminal punishment was established as a rescue pillar of the legislator in regulating situations that do not require the imprisonment of a person guilty of a criminal act. Although criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment has dominated for decades, it has not convinced society that it is the only perfect means of correcting and re-educating people who have committed criminal acts, punished with such a sanction. the justice system has benefited from the legislator from the appearance of some criminal norms that regulate such situations with alternatives for the prison sentence. In this sense, the conditions that must be observed by the convicted person, is a primary aspect, in the application of the conditional release from criminal punishment before the deadline. The importance of the application of parole is appropriate due to the existence of the conditional element related to the exemption and favoring of the convicted person, as well as the tendency to re-educate and correct him from the state, which must prove the convicted person, without imprisonment, establishing a well-qualified and restricted alternative.
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    MĂSURI ALTERNATIVE DE PREVENIRE ŞI SANCŢIONARE A PERSOANELOR JURIDICE ÎN DREPTUL PENAL
    (CEP USM, 2021) Botnaru, Stela; Buravcenco, Iulia
    It would be advisable to take into consideration opinion of lawyers and business people, when developing institute of criminal liability of legal entities, because this issue concerns corporative culture. Business people could advise on elaboration of standards of self-governing good morals. A legislator could in its turn make negligence of these standards into basic requirement for criminal liability of legal entities. None the less it does not mean that an issue of criminal liability of legal entities in Moldova shall exceptionally be settled in the light of corporative culture doctrine. There are no sample-models regarding application of criminal liability to legal entities, which would satisfy all countries. The doctrine of corporative criminal liability fits to cases, where punishment is imposed for formal offences, for example, storage of illegal objects, failure to observe terms. In these cases offence is completed with the moment of action, and mental state of the person in relation to the objective elements of the criminal offence must not be established. Therefore particular activity determines subjective attitude of the guilty person in relation to the offence. The most important in this field are the existent punishments really efficient and how to maximize the efficiency of these punishments. That is why we try to prose several alternatives for prevention and sanction of the legal entities.
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    ROLUL ȘI IMPORTANȚA PERIOADEI DE PROBAȚIUNE ÎN CONTEXTUL CONDAMNĂRII CU SUSPENDAREA CONDIȚIONATĂ SAU CU SUSPENDAREA PARȚIALĂ A EXECUTĂRII PEDEPSEI – ASPECTE INTERNAȚIONALE ȘI NAȚIONALE
    (CEP USM, 2021) Bolocan-Holban, Augustina; Vidaicu, Mihaela
    The development of the probation institution within national legislation was determined by its evolution at the international level. In this regard, the international standards provide that the community sanctions as probation should be established inste punishment or in the context of the conditional suspension of the execution of criminal punishment being ensured a continuous surveillance of different categories of perpetrators.The national Criminal Code related to probation as criminal justice institution has been completed since 2010. Therefore, the criminal provisions are in compliance with the Moldovan Law on probation of 14.02.2008 and have the goal to ensure the resocialization of perpetrators at several stages of the criminal process.
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    MĂSURI ALTERNATIVE DE PREVENIRE ȘI SANCȚIONARE A PERSOANELOR JURIDICE ÎN DREPTUL PENAL
    (CEP USM, 2021) Butnaru, Stela; Buravcenco, Iulia
    It would be advisable to take into consideration opinion of lawyers and business people, when developing institute of criminal liability of legal entities, because this issue concerns corporative culture. Business people could advise on elaboration of standards of self-governing good morals. A legislator could in its turn make negligence of these standards into basic requirement for criminal liability of legal entities. None the less it does not mean that an issue of criminal liability of legal entities in Moldova shall exceptionally be settled in the light of corporative culture doctrine. There are no sample-models regarding application of criminal liability to legal entities, which would satisfy all countries. The doctrine of corporative criminal liability fits to cases, where punishment is imposed for formal offences, for example, storage of illegal objects, failure to observe terms. In these cases offence is completed with the moment of action, and mental state of the person in relation to the objective elements of the criminal offence must not be established. Therefore particular activity determines subjective attitude of the guilty person in relation to the offence. The most important in this field are the existent punishments really efficient and how to maximize the efficiency of these punishments. That is why we try to prose several alternatives for prevention and sanction of the legal entities.
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    CONTROVERSIES REGARDING THE RESTORATION OF SOCIAL EQUITY THROUGH CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT
    (Tipografia Artpoligraf, 2019) Grama, Mariana
    Equity in Criminal Law is expressed in two aspects: equity of Criminal Law and equity of criminal punishment imposed by the judicial instance for a criminal offence.Inorder tobe recognized fair, thecriminal punishment which is applied for a certain crime must reflect the social danger of the misdeed, of the person who committed it, occurred consequences, the impact over society, mitigating and aggravating circumstances (if they exist), rank of satisfaction of thevictim,and in general,corresponding of applied punishment to its purpose. An equal punishment, fist of all, is an individualized one. Over and above, the principle of individualization and application of the criminal punishment, the content of fairness, in other words, appreciation of the judicial decision concerning its equal character, doesn’tinclude the convicted person subjective attitude towards the punishment, as well as the victim and the society outlook (certain groups of people etc.)
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    PREVENIREA COMITERII INFRACȚIUNILOR DE CĂTRE PERSOANELE JURIDICE CU AJUTORUL PROGRAMELOR DE ASISTENȚĂ DIN PARTEA STATULUI
    (CEP USM, 2017) Botnaru, Stela; Buravcenco, Iulia
    În acest articol autorii îşi propun să analizeze pe larg metodele de prevenire a comiterii infracțiunilor de către persoanele juridice. Analiza acestui aspect se dovedeşte a fi de o importanță majoră, luând în considerare faptul că legislațiile mai multor state au soluții optime la acest capitol, pe care le dezvoltă încontinuu. Totodată, se face referire la experienţa altor state, pentru a evidenția nivelul eficienței aplicării pedepselor penale în raport cu prevenirea comiterii faptelor. A stfel , autorii aduc o viziune de ansamblu asupra metodelor de prevenire a comiterii infracțiunilor de către persoanele juridice și încearcă să suprapună mai multe puncte de vedere referitoare la coraportul dintre prevenire și pedeapsă.
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    IMPORTANȚA ȘI ROLUL MĂSURILOR DE CONSTRÂNGERE CU CARACTER EDUCATIV
    (CEP USM, 2017) Bolocan-Holban, Augustina; Strulea, Maria
    De fiecare dată, când se pune problema tragerii la răspundere penală a minorului, este necesar să se analizeze minuțios, complex, multiaspectual circumstanțele cauzei și influența pedepsei penale asupra comportamentului minorului, căci, de multe ori, scopul pedepsei penale poate fi realizat și prin aplicarea altor constrângeri mai lejere, care nu lasă amprenta dură a unei pedepse penale și nu supune minorul la restricții care îl pot afecta emoțional și psihologic. Legea penală a Republicii Moldova prevede măsurile de siguranță cu caracter educativ care pot fi aplicate minorilor în prezența condițiilor legale. Acestea, nefiind pedepse penale și având scopul de a înlătura un pericol şi de a preîntâmpina săvârşirea faptelor prevăzute de legea penală, reprezintă o alternativă legală care, în contextul unei justiții restaurative, sunt absolut necesare și trebuie aplicate în fiecare situație posibilă.