Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
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Item Finalitatea pedepsei penale privative de libertate: între resocializare și subculturalizare(CEP USM, 2024) Samoilenco, VictorOne of the purposes of criminal punishment is the prevention of crimes, namely by reducing the risk of recidivism of incarcerated persons. Reducing recidivism involves achieving a high level of resocialization in detention, but also in the postpenitentiary stage. The failure of this process in the penitentiaries of the Republic of Moldova boils down to a large number of subculturalized convicts. It follows that subculturalization and resocialization represent two prison processes whose mechanisms must be fully revealed in order to be able to control them. Some important aspects about how we can research these two diametrically opposed processes in detention, but also about the actions through which we can improve them, will be elucidated in this article.Item Pedeapsa detențiunii pe viață și drepturile omului(CEP USM, 2024) Danilescu, TatinaLife imprisonment is a custodial sentence that allows the state to keep the person in its custody for live. Hundreds of thousands of people around de world are serving life sentences, and yet it has rarely been assessed as a global phenomenon and if it infringes or not human rights.A global trend towards the universal abolition and restriction of the death penalty has resulted in many states adopting life imprisonment as the terminal and conclusive penalty, in most of the countries for the extreme violations and serious crimes. Thus, since the last few decades this long-term conviction has been increasing throughout the world, it has attracted much of the attention towards a principal debate from human rights point of view that whether as an ultimate penalty is life imprisonment acceptable or is merely an act of violation towards human rights.From both a human rights and a prison management perspective, lifeimprisonment poses concerns. In many cases, it is unnecessarily punitive, especially for non‑violent crimes, and does not satisfy the principle of proportionality. Life imprisonment without parole raises issues of cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment, and undermines the right to human dignity by taking away the prospect of rehabilitation.Item The philosophical vision of legal punishment(Iași: Lumen Publishing House, 2021-05-26) Zaharia, Virginia; Pozneacova, VeronicaThe concept of punishment represents one of the most difficult legal issues that are related to the concept of human freedom and responsibility. Since Antiquity, the brilliant minds of humanity contemplated about the sense of punishment and the function of this institution. Each epoch analyses this concept from different aspects and some of them are reflected in the actual legislation. The most important principles of contemporary criminal law were expounded by the Ancient, Modern and Contemporary philosophers. The field of research of this article is the philosophy of punishment of criminal law. In this study, we have applied the method of historical research of the proposed topic, which gives us the opportunity to analyze the development of criminal punishment and its goals from a historical perspective. In this paper, we aimed to determine the philosophical base of the legal punishment that legitimizes the application of sanctions to the person who committed the crime. We established the importance of the theories developed by brilliant thinkers for the contemporary concept of penal retribution and legal regulation of this institution. This theme generates several discussions that are formed in the process of comparison and debating of the ideas of influential philosophers regarding the purpose of criminal punishment. Therefore, we consider that the analysis of the theories of great thinkers gives us the possibility to understand the complexity of the phenomenon of criminal punishment, and leads to the more effective application of state constraint towards the offender.Item Analiza circumstantei speciale de individualizare a pedepsei penale, precum si a clauzei de impunitate consemnate la art.278 din Codul Penal al Republicii Moldova (actul terorist)(Iași:Performantica, 2018-11-09) Cojocaru, Violeta M.This paper analyzes the special circumstance of individualization the criminal punishment for committing the act of terrorism (in the sense of its mitigation). In this context, are highlighted its particularities, including the conditions under which it becomes operational. It is pointed out the opportunity of such mitigating circumstance in the para.(5) Art.278 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. Also it is analyzed the special impunity clause provided by para.(6) Art.278 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. There are outlined conditions in whose presence is it applicable. Is performed the delimitation of the so-called impunity clause by the release of criminal liability in connection with the voluntary renunciation of the offense. It is argued that the impunity clause provided by para. (6) Art.278 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova have the effect of preventing the phenomenon of terrorism.Item Profilarea instituțiilor de dețentie pentru punerea în executare a măsurilor și pedepselor privative de libertate [Articol](2021) Cojocaru, VladimirPedeapsa penală aplicată pentru restabilirea echităţii sociale, corectarea şi resocializarea condamnatului, precum şi prevenirea săvârșirii de noi infracţiuni, impune necesitatea organizării măsurilor de executare adaptate atât specificului pedepsei cât și particularităților individuale ale persoanei condamnate. Respectiv, cea mai complexă sarcină revine sistemului de executare a pedepselor privative de libertate, fiindcă prin natura sa impune cele mai multe îngrădiri și restricții. Astfel, în procesul realizării scopului acesteia persistă riscul ca această măsură de pedeapsă să cauzeze suferințe fizice şi să înjosească demnitatea persoanei condamnate. În prezentul articol ne-am propus să analizăm situația actuală din sistemul administrației penitenciare în partea ce vizează nivelul de implementare a cadrului normativ în domeniul repartizării persoanelor private de libertate pe tipuri de penitenciare și regimuri de detenție pentru executarea pedepsei. Respectiv, să apreciem în ce măsură acest sistem poate asigura atingerea scopului pedepsei aplicate.Item Pluralitatea de infracțiuni în legea penală a Republicii Moldova și a altor state: considerații generale [Articol](CEP USM, 2022) Papanaga, CristinaThe article analyzes the position of institution’s plurality of crimes in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova and of the foreign states. These authors’ works explain in comparative plan the legislative formulation of the plurality of crimes, as well as to solve some collisions that appeared in practice, regarding the qualification of different forms of plurality of crimes: the concurrence of crimes, recidivism or intermediate plurality, so, using the deductive analysis in this sense. The purpose of this study is to improve the legislative framework of the institution of the plurality of crimes, together with the punishments, applicable to each form of plurality of crimes.Item Controlul asupra comportării celor liberați condiționat înainte de termen [Articol](CEP USM, 2022) Groian, ElenaIn order for the conditional release of punishment before the deadline becomes effective, the person who benefits from this institution has the obligation to show a new crime in the respective period. If until the actual passing of the respective period did not commit any offense, he is considered to have fully executed his punishment, freedom becomes full, not provisional, and he can enjoy full exercise capacity and All rights, ceasing the action on it the effects of accessory punishments. Until the fulfillment of the duration of the punishment, however, another legal effect can act on the respective person, namely that of revoking the conditional release before the deadline. Thus, the probation body has a very important role not only on the execution and control of the conditioned person conditionally but also to intervene, in case of non -observance of the conditions imposed, to apply the principle of reversibility of the criminal pedestrian, in order to send the convict to execute his punishment until the endItem Perspectivele dezvoltării mecanismelor juridice de combatere a acordurilor anticoncurenţiale [Articol](CEP USM, 2021) Creciun, IlieThe anti-competitive agreements are classified as the most serious violations of competition law, but also of the competitive environment. In such situations it is imperative to develop and implement mechanisms for both prevention and combating, or the implementation of such anti-competitive operations would create a lack of competition in a given relevant market. The mechanisms for combating anti-competitive agreements referred to in this article are: contravention liability, leniency policy, criminal liability and tortious civil liability. Although they are regulated at the national level, some of these mechanisms are not applied and their potential to combat is not implemented. In this case, it is necessary to study the prospects for the development of legal mechanisms to combat anti-competitive agreements in order to ensure their effectiveness and scientific basis.Item Abordări teoretico-practice privind regimurile de detenție în penitenciarele Republicii Moldova [Articol](Institutului Naţional al Justiţiei, 2021) Cojocaru, VladimirÎn acest articol s-a evidenţiat specificul punerii în executare a pedepselor privative de libertate în Republica Moldova. La fel, au fost abordatele unele aspecte teoretico-practice privind dificultăţile actuale întâmpinate în sensul realizării scopului pedepsei privative de libertate prin intermediul aplicării corespunzătoare a regimurilor progresive și regresive. O importanţă specială s-a acordat identificării reglementărilor actuale ce determină plasarea în diferite tipuri de penitenciare cu cele trei regimuri de detenţie. De asemenea, această lucrare știinţifică atrage atenţia în privinţa necesităţii desfășurării unor studii menite să contribuie la formularea propunerilor de modificare a cadrului normativ și instituţional de punere în executare a pedepselor privative de libertate, inclusiv prin prisma condiţiilor de infrastructură actuală, pentru o ponderare corespunzătoare a eforturilor necesare în procesul aplicării unor noi regimuri de detenţie. Astfel, prin analiza juridică a prevederilor actuale s-a încercat ca prezenta lucrare să fie utilă atât justiţiabililor, cât și mediului academic în privinţa realităţilor actuale privind aplicarea regimurilor de detenţie și necesităţilor de intervenţie în acest domeniu.Item Scopul liberării condiționate de pedeapsa penală înainte de termen [Articol](CEP USM, 2021) Groian, ElenaConditional release aims to assist detainees to move from penitentiary life to law-abiding life in the community through post-release and supervision conditions that promote and contribute to public safety and reduce crime in the community. Premature release is a favor for the detainee that allows him to rehabilitate in the penitentiary, to rehabilitate in society and to benefit from social services, he being quickly incarcerated in case of other crimes which leads to reduced overcrowding, reduced risk of recidivism and last but not least to the humanization of the criminal punishment.