Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law

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    TRĂSĂTURILE ESENȚIALE ALE CONTRAVENȚIEI
    (CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Pantea, Oleg
    Prezenta lucrare reprezintă o nouă incursiune în cercetarea contravenției ca element fundamental al răspunderii contravenționale, în care sunt argumentate motivele alegerii temei respective, gradul de actualitate și importanța acesteia, evocând gradul de investigație a temei, precum și semnificația teoretică a lucrării și valoarea sa aplicativă. Au fost analizate trăsăturile esențiale ale contravenției prin prisma naturii juridice a contravenției, a legii contravenționale, cât și părerile doctrinarilor din țară și de peste hotare, nu în ultimul rând a fost dezvoltat locul și rolul la momentul actual al dreptului contravențional în sistemul de drept al Republicii Moldova.
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    MECANISME DE ASIGURARE ALE DREPTURILOR ŞI LIBERTĂŢILOR OMULUI ÎN PROCESUL CONTRAVENŢIONAL
    (CEP USM, 2024) Erhan, Ianuș
    The contravention process represents the activity carried out by the competent authority, with the participation of the parties and other persons holding rights and obligations, with the aim of establishing the contravention, examining and solving the contravention cause, ascertaining the causes and conditions that contributed to the commission of the contravention. Even if the Code of Contravention in art. 374 establishes that the contravention process is carried out on general principles of contravention law, it also mentions the Constitution, the Code of Criminal Procedure in the cases expressly provided for by this code, as well as the norms of international law and international treaties regarding the fundamental rights and freedoms of to the human to which the Republic of Moldova is a dedicated party, the European Convention on Human Rights. The regulations provided by the European Convention, as well as the judgments issued by the European Court have a legal force superior to the internal norms that make up the national legal systems. The judgments of the European court do not only have the authority of a res judicata, but also the authority of an interpreted matter, at the same time, the Court examines referrals regarding contraventions through the lens of the rules regarding criminal acts. During the contravention process, the perpetrator, as well as other participants, have certain rights and freedoms that are guaranteed by the legislation and ensured by the authorities with powers to ascertain and examine the contravention cases, respectively, the finding agent, the prosecutor, the court. On the other hand, the participants in the contravention process, in particular, the perpetrator, must be aware that their rights may be limited, as well as the fact that they also have certain obligations. For their part, the competent authorities should ensure that their employees with the status of finding agents understand and know the mechanism for ensuring human rights and freedoms in the contravention process.
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    PRACTICA JUDICIARĂ PRIVIND RECUPERAREA DAUNELOR DE MEDIU ÎN CADRUL CAUZELOR CONTRAVENȚIONALE
    (CEP USM, 2024) Chirtoaca, Ion; Scobici, Laurențiu
    In the context of increasing concerns about environmental protection and the negative impact of human activities on the ecosystem, the recovery of environmental damage in the context of misdemeanour cases is a major issue. The issues of damage recovery are particularly relevant given the alarming increase in environmental incidents and deviant behaviour of society in the area of environmental violations. This study focuses on judicial practice in the recovery of environmental damage in the context of misdemeanour cases, highlighting not only the importance of this procedure, but also the need to standardise judicial practice in this area. At the same time, the recovery of environmental damage is not only a remedial measure but also a useful tool to discourage human behaviour that negatively affects the environment. Thus, this article aims to make a significant contribution to the understanding of judicial practice in the recovery of environmental damage on the side of misdemeanours, highlighting the importance and benefits of its standardisation.
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    EXPULZAREA ÎN DREPTUL CONTRAVENȚIONAL – ATENTARE ASUPRA DREPTURILOR ȘI LIBERTĂȚILOR FUNDAMENTALE ALE OMULUI SAU O PROTEJARE A ACESTORA ?
    (Print-Caro, 2023-03-15) Crainic, Adrian
    This communication reveals the nature and character of the expulsion in the Contravention Law, which is related to the efficient analysis of these security measures in the sense of respecting the Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms. In the content of the paper will be reviewed: the general peculiarity of the legal institution of expulsion to be present in general in the normative-legal field, referring specifically to which branches of persistent law; the analysis of the expulsion in the Contravention Law by virtue of the contravention legal norms; evidence of the frequency of this security measure applicable in the territory of our country; proposals for lex ferenda; appreciation of the legal effect of these institutions in relation to the nature of fundamental human rights and freedoms.
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    AGENŢII CONSTATATORI DIN LEGISLAŢIA CONTRAVENŢIONALĂ ŞI RESPECTAREA PRINCIPIILOR DESCENTRALIZĂRII ADMINISTRATIVE ŞI SUBSIDIARITĂŢII
    (CEP USM, 2020) Rusu, Viorel
    The number of agents with competences of finding contravention (finding agents) is constantly increasing. It is of interest, both theoretically and practically aspects, whether the establishment or exclusion of finding agents contributes to efficient and in full realization of the competences of public authorities at central or local level. In this respect it is important that the competence, especially at the local level, is complete and exclusive. This is also important in terms of bringing the service closer to the citizen (principle of subsidiarity).
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    ASPECTE ESENȚIALE DE DREPT COMPARAT PRIVIND „CONSTATAREA CONTRAVENȚIILOR” ÎN LEGISLAȚIA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ȘI ROMÂNIEI
    (2019) Pantea, Oleg
    Constatarea contravențiilor reprezintă o primă fază a procesului contravențional în care organele împuternicite ale statului colectează și administrează probe și încheie procese-verbale. În general, lucrarea reprezintă o analiză și o reunire într-un tot unitar a trăsăturilor caracteristice constatării contravențiilor în legislația Republicii Moldova și legislația României, cu aspecte de drept comparat. Astfel, au fost analizate principalele acte normative care reglementează procesul de constatare a contravențiilor, Codul contravențional al Republicii Moldova și Ordonanța Guvernului României nr.2 din 12.06.2001 privind regimul juridic al contravențiilor. Totodată, lucrarea oglindește unele configurații teoretico-practice privind încheierea procesuluiverbal de constatare a contravențiilor, reflectând în detaliu elementele lui obligatorii, mențiunile de conținut.
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    SINOPSĂ PRIVIND COMISIILE LOCALE ÎMPUTERNICITE SĂ EXAMINEZE FAPTELE ILICITE CU UN GRAD DE PERICOL SOCIAL REDUS – STUDIU DE CAZ
    (CEP USM, 2023) Pântea, Oleg
    Lucrarea cuprinde analiza funcțională a activității comisiilor administrative din cadrul autorităților publice locale, care au competența constatării și examinării faptelor antisociale, ilicite, care prezintă un grad de pericol social redus. În conținutul materialului s-a relevat legislația cu privire la subiectul cercetării, aspectele de praxiologie, impactul comisiilor administrative locale în asigurarea ordinei și disciplinei sociale, ordinii de drept. De asemenea, au fost examinate problemele de competență care apar în activitatea comisiilor administrative locale, în raport cu împuternicirile atribuite altor autorități competente să soluționeze cauze contravenționale, fiind în același timp analizată utilitatea praxiologică și rolul comisiilor administrative locale în procesul de constatare, examinare și soluționare a cauzelor contravenționale.
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    SANCȚIUNILE CONTRAVENȚIONALE
    (CEP USM, 2020) Mocanu, Victor
    Contraventional sanctions are a category of legal sanctions that apply in the case of committing contraventional acts. Of the various types of sanctions, an important role is played by the contraventional sanction, because it represents a measure of constraint and re-education, which is applied to the perpetrator of the wrongful act in order to correct and re-educate it, as well as in order to prevent the committing of other contraventions. Penalties are the effect of the contravention liability, which in turn is the legal consequence of committing the contravention.
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    ACCEPȚIUNI TEORETICE PRIVIND APRECIEREA PROBELOR ÎN PROCESUL CONTRAVENȚIONAL
    (Tehnica-UTM, 2020) Antoci, Albert
    The free appreciation of evidence determines the rule by which the court determines the rule by which the county court is not bound by the probation appraisal offered only by the ascertaining agent, and the appellate court is not required to convince the court of first instance of the probative value of one or another piece of evidence. The demonstration presents in itself the process of finding out the truth in the framework of a contravention process, the argumentation of the hypothesis and its content. Its essence lies in accumulation, research assessment and use of evidence. In practical terms, this is a cognitive and persuasive process.
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