Facultatea de Drept / Faculty of Law
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Item Quo vadis drepturile omului în Europa?(CEP USM, 2024) Balan, Oleg; Dorul, OlgaÎn articol se abordează conceptul și evoluția protecției europene a drepturilor omului, având la bază cele trei repere esențiale: natura și conținutul drepturilor fundamentale protejate, cadrul normativ și cadrul instituțional în domeniu. Sunt expuse noi concepte în materia impactului tehnologiilor asupra drepturilor omului în contextul dialogului regional al savanților cu reprezentanții structurilor regionale. Materialul științific conține analiza juridică a principiilor de organizare și funcționare a mecanismelor europene de protecție a drepturilor omului institute în perioada postbelică. Constatările făcute pe marginea fenomenelor juridice analizate vor permite, în cele din urmă, înțelegerea noilor tendințe în procesul de cooperare europeană a statelor în vederea realizării plenare a drepturilor și libertăților fundamentale ale omului.Item Republica Moldova de la declaraţia de independenţă la statut de ţară candidată pentru aderarea în UE(CEP USM, 2024) Rozovel, AlionaThe given article reflects from a diachronic perspective an analysis of the way in which the Moldovan-European relations were structured from the time of the establishment of the Republic of Moldova as a national state until today, crystallizing a clear vision of the reason behind the decision. farms of our country to step into the EU. The preference for the trajectory of the European vector will be a decisive decision for the republican referendum expected on this subject in the fall of 2024, together with the long a waited presidential elections. As a result, it is naive to make predictions for the future without knowing how determined Moldovans are to become European citizens.Item Provocările actuale privind exercitarea mandatului Avocatului Poporului în contextul angajamentelor de asociere(CEP USM, 2024-09-20) Zubco, AlexandruOn July 1, 2016, the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states and the Republic of Moldova entered into force. And, on August 4, 2017, the Association Council approved the EU-Republic of Moldova Association Program. Among the short-term priorities of the program in the field of "political dialogue, good governance and strengthening institutions" was, inter alia, the completion of the reform of the People's Advocate institution, by improving Law no. 52 of April 3, 2014 regarding the People's Advocate (Ombudsman), in in accordance with the recommendations of the Venice Commission, and ensuring its financing according to the Paris Principles. In concrete terms, according to the Association Program, the Government of the Republic of Moldova was to strengthen the function of the People's Advocate, including through amendments to the law on the People's Advocate and the law on whistleblowers, by providing human and financial resources and an appropriate headquarters , in accordance with the provisions of the National Human Rights Action Plan, so that the Ombudsman can carry out his duties effectively. In 2023, the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova adopts urgent amendments to the Law on the People's Advocate, which aims at the inviolability of the Ombudsman, the procedure for appointing the People's Advocate, the conditions for early termination of the mandate, the exclusion of the public competition for the Ombudsman's deputies and the imposition of the duty to pay stamp duties in the case of actions in court. These changes were presented to the Association Council in 2023. Then, through the European Commission's 2023 country report, it is mentioned that the institution of the Ombudsman has been fully consolidated; the institution has "A" status; such as that the Ombudsmen enjoy inviolability when carrying out their duties and that the revocation of both lawyers requires a prior hearing by the full Parliament. At the same time, the European document suggests that the office is financed from the state budget, and its representatives have the right to address the parliament if the resources made available are insufficient to fulfill their mandate. Following the 2023 Expansion Package, it was decided to grant the EU candidate status to the Republic of Moldova. On June 21, 2024, the decree on the initiation of accession negotiations was signed. The respective article shows certain aspects omitted during the period of strengthening the capacities of the Ombudsman Institution, as well as some problematic aspects in achieving the full constitutional mandate of the People's Advocate in the context of European association commitments. The paper shows the importance of implementing the recommendations of the Association Council, of the Venice Commission, of the Universal Periodic Review tool by national authorities in order to have an independent and consolidated institution for a real protection of fundamental rights and freedoms.Item REGULATIONS AND LEGAL MECHANISMS AT EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL LEVEL TO ENSURE HUMANITARIAN AID AND CIVIL PROTECTION(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Oglinda, EvelinaThe topic of assuring and increasing the protection of human rights will always remain in force having a constant goal of development. As an imperious subject of discussion in the Republic of Moldova, I chose to talk about how the European system can be an example for us, even our leader as far as the subject of this research is concerned. The proposed goal is to research in parallel some national mechanisms, but also those of the European Union, in order to be able to make a critical analysis of the methods implemented by the European Union to protect human rights and some advice for national practice, with the aim of highlighting the importance of defense of human rights and the implementation of a modern, European mechanism to raise citizens’ confidence in justice and to suppress their fear of fighting when their rights are violated. So, as a matter of fact, this paper will suggest legal mechanisms to protect and mainly to underline the impact of people’s trust when their rights are properly legally protected.Item EFICIENTIZAREA PRACTICILOR DE ARBITRAJ ÎN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA PRIN ALINIEREA LA STANDARDELE STATELOR MEMBRE ALE UE PENTRU RESPECTAREA DREPTURILOR OMULUI(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Lazăr, DianaThis paper investigates the enhancement of international arbitration practices in Moldova, focusing on aligning with EU standards to improve human rights observance. It addresses the challenges within Moldova’s arbitration framework, such as legal inconsistencies and enforcement delays, and suggests adopting successful EU countries’ models to advance its legal system. The international efficiency of the international commercial arbitration is a gateway to integrating both, justice and trade sectors of EU. The measures include legal framework improvements as well as interventions fostering capacity building and knowledge around international arbitration. This approach aims to foster a stable and attractive business environment through enhanced transparency, efficiency, and justice accessibility.Item ORDINEA ȘI SECURITATEA PUBLICĂ ÎN CONTEXTUL INTEGRĂRII EUROPENE A REPUBLICII MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024-11-07) Nichita, Rodica; Griza, CătălinaArticolul explorează intersecția dintre securitatea națională, resursele individuale și performanța profesională, analizând provocările și impactul expunerii la evenimente traumatice asupra personalului din acest domeniu. Plecând de la principiile Declarației Franceze a Drepturilor Omului din 1789 și conceptul de ordine publică, textul discută importanța adaptabilității, măiestriei personale și creșterii posttraumatice în contextul angajaților din sectorul securității naționale. Se face referire la Teoria Conservării Resurselor (COR) care subliniază modul în care indivizii își protejează și dezvoltă resursele psihologice pentru a face față stresului și presiunilor specifice acestui domeniu. În plus, articolul examinează parteneriatul strategic dintre Republica Moldova și Uniunea Europeană, subliniind rolul securității publice în procesul de integrare europeană și contribuția la stabilitatea regională.Item APLICAREA ACQUIS-ULUI ÎN JURISPRUDENȚA UNUI STAT NON-MEMBRU AL UNIUNII EUROPENE - CAZUL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA(CEP USM, 2024) Pavlovschi, StanislavAderarea la Uniunea Europeană implică respectarea democrației, drepturilor omului și a valorilor europene, precum și îndeplinirea criteriilor politice, economice și administrative. Consiliul European a aprobat deschiderea negocierilor de aderare cu Republica Moldova în decembrie 2023, iar aceasta trebuie să implementeze reforme extinse și să efectueze modificări ale legislației pentru a se alinia standardelor europene și acquis-ului Uniunii. În acest articol este reflectată și analizată jurisprudența națională dezvoltată de Curtea Constituțională și Curtea Supremă de Justiție în domeniul aplicării dreptului Uniunii Europene și a aderării la valorile acesteia. Deși aplicarea acquis-ului nu era o obligație a statului formal vorbind, având în vedere că nu este, deocamdată, membru al Uniunii Europene, acest fapt denotă, însă, direcția clară de integrare europeană a Republicii Moldova.Item LA POLITIQUE EUROPEENNE DE VOISINAGE: ETUDE DE CAS - LA MOLDAVIE LE PARTENAIRE DE L'UNION EUROPEENNE(2013) Suceveanu, NataliaThe European Union (EU) is a community of states, based on the principles of freedom, democracy, respect for human rights and rule of law. So far, EU experienced several enlargement stages, within which the accession of new Member States was possible. As a result of the last expansion stage, since the 1st of July 2013, EU has grown to 28 Member States. Despite the debt crises and the difficult years, with unsolved issues within the EU, generally speaking, and within the Monetary Union, particularly, EU remains the most important pole of attraction for its neighbours. This appears to be true based on their persistent attitude concerning the process of European integration. The main reasoning behind the willingness of these states to accede the EU are: free access to EU market, free movement of persons, as well as the possibility to make use of the European legislation devised by the EU institutions. Instead, the Member States acquire more competitiveness in the world market, as EU, in its entirety, will be able to compete with the most important actors of the world economy, such as China, India, Brazil, etc. After the „big-bang” enlargement process of 2004 and 2007, the EU external policy faces a dilemma: how it would be possible to promote the objectives of peace, prosperity and good governance in the neighbour countries, without an enlargement perspective? The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) – launched in 2003, applied in 2004, had as an objective to develop a space of prosperity and stability towards the Southern and Eastern neighbours, without the valuable promise of membership. The unique framework was nothing else, but a tool for placing the neighbouring countries in one bunch, re-united and required to share everything, except the European institutions. It was not long before EU acknowledged the need to distinguish between the South and Eastern Partners and the need to establish a different approach for the two, which would allow a better response to their individual needs and ambitions. The Eastern Partnership, as response to the Union for the Mediterranean, launched in 2008 and promoted in 2009 by Poland and Sweden, recognizes a fundamental element for the EU Eastern neighbours: their „Europeanness”. This article is aiming at presenting the Eastern dimension of the ENP, which comprises the states from East (Ukraine, Moldova and Belorussia) and the states from Southern Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan), with a particular focus on the Republic of Moldova’s status in its relations with EU. Currently, these states have an important place within the framework of the EU’s international strategy.Item CÂTEVA REFLECȚII ÎN LEGĂTURĂ CU SOLUȚIILE LEGALE ȘI DOCTRINARE PRIVIND RETRAGEREA DIN UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ(2016) Suceveanu, NataliaThe article analyses the legal basis for a Member State to withdraw from the Union, as provided by art.50 of the Treaty on the European Union, considering the UK example. Art.50 allows a Member State of the European Union to notify its intention to withdraw and compels the Union to negotiate with the state in question a withdrawal agreement. The exit process from the EU is not without uncertainty. As art. 50 has never been used by any state, there is no clear framework on the way to proceed with its application. Immediately after the announcement of the referendum results, the heads of the key EU institutions have ruled out any speculation on whether or not art. 50 could be bypassed by some means or other. On the other hand, there are voices saying that art.50 is not the only exit mechanism from the EU, suggesting several alternatives for art. 50. Likewise, art. 50 provides that the withdrawal agreement will set down the arrangements for withdrawal, taking account the framework for its future relationship with EU. It is the last phrase that seemed to raise several complicated discussions regarding the scope of the withdrawal agreement. Regardless of the form and content of the withdrawal agreement, it shall have to be in consonance with EU Treaties, while the Court of Justice of the European Union could be asked to rule on its compatibility with EU primary law.Item REGIMURI JURIDICE EUROPENE DE PROTECȚIE A MEDIULUI(Print-Caro, 2023) Gugulan, Eugenia; Bejenari, MihaelaThe protection of the environment is a primary objective not only of a nation but of all humanity, because the damage it causes tends to spread across borders and has no „borders”. Consequently, it has become clear that there is a need to develop an EU regulatory framework for the protection of the environment and its components, to identify effective mechanisms to hold states accountable for preventing environmental damage and, in the event of environmental damage, to establish responsibility at the international level. The international environmental liability has specific characteristics, which are founded on the objective nature of environmental liability. Therefore, in this study the authors propose to carry out a survey of the European regulatory framework for environmental protection, with a particular focus on regulations focusing on environmental liability and environmental protection of the European Union states.